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  • Articles  (250)
  • Chemistry  (250)
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  • Articles  (250)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanated liquid crystals with trans-stilbene structure: Syntheses and their cyclotrimerizations (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid crystals ; cyanate ; cyclotrimerization ; liquid crystalline thermoset ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid crystalline aromatic monocyanate (M) and dicyanates (D1 and D2) with trans-stilbene (—Ph—CH=CH—Ph—) structure were synthesized and their cyclotrimerization reactions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Monocyanate M underwent cyclotrimerization to yield a trimerized material with discotic properties. Dicyanate D2 and its cured product failed to exhibit any mesophase. In contrast, polycyclotrimerization of dicyanate D1 obtained a liquid crystalline thermoset with its schlieren texture prolonged over a wide temperature range. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure kinetics of a flexible aromatic dicyanate with schiff base structure (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1585-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polycyclotrimerization of a flexible aromatic dicyanate with a Schiff base structure was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The study on dynamic DSC evaluated an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 75.8 kJ/mol and autocatalytic first-order kinetics with rate expression Af(α) = 1.96 X 105 (1 + 4.39 α) (1 - α) min-1. The kinetic feature can be explained by a proposed mechanism consisting of hydroxyl-catalyzed and autocatalytic paths. The lower value of Ea compared with other aromatic dicyanates is due to the electron-withdrawing linkage of the inherent imine ( - CH=N) structure. The kinetic feature is affected by the content of the residual impurities (e.g., phenols or absorbed water) in the corresponding sample. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580922
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear wave theory for dynamics of binary distillation columns (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 705-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A major difficulty in control of distillation columns stems from their nonlinear behavior, especially of columns producing high-purity products. Based on a previous development that adapted fixed-bed theories to simple countercurrent processes, this study has established a nonlinear wave theory for the nonlinear and distributed dynamics of binary distillation columns by including the effects of reflux, reboil, and combination of sections. This theory clearly elucidates the intriguing dynamic behavior of distillation columns such as high steady-state gains, large response lags, strong dependence of dynamics on the magnitudes and directions of disturbances, and asymmetric dynamics of the transitions between two steady states. It also underlines the inadequacy of conventional linearized models for high-purity columns. With fairly simple mathematics, this nonlinear wave approach may be useful for model development, control system design, dual-composition control, and feedforward control.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nonlinear wave theory for dynamics of binary distillation columns (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410119
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and application of limiting activity coefficients (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Infinite dilution activity coefficients (γ∞) in binary liquid mixtures are data of wide practical and theoretical applicability, but their extensive use has been hindered by the experimental limitations of classical vapor-liquid equilibrium techniques. Two new experimental methods for accurate γ∞ determinations are presented. These techniques, both faster and more accurate than classical methods, are complementary, and their applicability to different types of binary systems is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicomponent equilibrium theory for ion-exchange columns involving reactions (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1615-1626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The multicomponent equilibrium theory for ion-exchange columns (chromatography) has been extended to systems accompanied by reactions in either or both phases. Based on the concept of coherence of concentration waves in the original theory, the proposed approach includes a systematic way to determine the thermodynamic variance and a general mathematical formulation to construct the composition path grid by means of numerical techniques. With proper adjustments, this approach can be applied as well to adsorption columns involving reactions. As a practical example, a comparison of predicted and observed effluent histories for an anion-exchange system with dissociation-association reactions is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear waves and asymmetric dynamics of countercurrent separation processes (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 690-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350426
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeation through plastic films (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Data are presented on the solubility in and permeation through polyolefin films of a number of gases and liquids. The permeation rates are found to be dependent on the type of film, the concentration and the temperature. A classical diffusion model explains the permeation mechanism and other relations serve to correlate the data.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of Sphingosine and Ceramide (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 2079-2082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Sphingosine ; Ceramide ; Allylic alkylations ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flexible syntheses of sphingosine and ceramide were achieved by using D-xylose as the chiral pool and a CuCN-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of a dimesylate 8 for chain elongation with concomitant control of an E configuration of the double bond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199619961219
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversed micellar extraction of trypsin: Effect of solvent on the protein transfer and activity recovery (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: reversed micelles ; extraction ; trypsin ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By using trypsin as the model protein and AOT as the model surfactant, the effect of a variety of solvents on protein transfer and activity recovery during the liquid-liquid reversed micellar extraction was investigated. It was found that several solvents, including isooctane, octane, heptane, and kerosene, had a similar effect on the recovery of trypsin activity after a full cycle of forward and backward extraction, and could all be used as the solvents for AOT-reversed micelles in trypsin extraction. Two other solvents (hexane and cyclohexane), however, were not so efficient. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460210
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