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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the Mechanical Properties of Growing Surface Films in oxidising environmentsVortrag, gehalten auf der Arbeitstagung der Arbeitstagung der Arbeitsgruppe „Korrosion durch heiße Gase und Verbrennungsprodukte“ am 16. und 17. Dezember 1971 in Düsseldorf. (1972)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 23 (1972), S. 773-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von in oxydierender Umgebung entstehenden OberflächenfilmenDie mechanischen Eigenschaften von Oberflächenzunder auf Eisen und Nickel wurden mit Hilfe einer Vibrationstechnik schon früher bei hohen Temperaturen während des Wachstums bestimmt. Die Möglichkeit der Anwendung dieser Methode zur Untersuchung anderer Systeme wird erörtert und besonders die Anwendung auf Hochtemperaturlegierungen wird untersucht. Der Einfluß von Temperatur, Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit und Oxidstabilität auf die Ergebnisse werden erörtert und der E-Modul des Oxidzunders auf Nimonic 90 wurde in einem größeren Temperaturberich bestimmt.
    Notes: The mechanical properties of surface scales on iron and nickel have been previously measured, during growth at high temperatures, using a vibrational technique (1,2). The feasibility of using this technique to study other systems is discussed and, in particular, its application to high-temperature, oxidation rate and oxide stability on the results are considered and values of the Youngs modulus of the oxide scale on Nimonic 90 over a range of temperatures have been determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19720230906
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of silicon and yttrium on isothermal scaling of an austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloy (IN 519) at 1000 °C (1983)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 446-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Silicium und Yttrium auf die isothermische Verzunderung einer austenitischen FeCrNi-Legierung (IN 519) bei 1000 °CSowohl Silizium als auch Yttrium beeinflussen das Verzunderungsverhalten von austenitischen FeCrNi-Legierungen in Luft hoher Temperatur. Silizium fördert die Bildung und Erhaltung eines kontinuierlichen Chromoxidzunders, während Yttrium die Haftfestigkeit der Zunderschicht erhöht. Unter isothermischen Bedingungen wird bei 1000°C durch mindestens 0,8% Silizium die Verzunderungsgeschwindigkeit der Gießlegierung Fe 24Cr24Ni dadurch verringert, daß zusätzliche Zentren für die seitliche Ausbreitung der Chromoxidschicht geschaffen werden. Yttrium führt zur Bildung von Fe9Y-Teilchen, welche die Kontinuität der Chromoxidschicht unterbrechen. Der günstige Einfluß des Siliziums überwiegt bei den potentiell schädlichen Wirkungen des Yttriums in Legierungen, die beide Elemente enthalten.
    Notes: When present in austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, both silicon and yttrium influence scaling behaviour during oxidation tests in air at high temperatures. The former promotes the formation and maintenance of a continuous Cr2O3 scale and the latter improves scale adhesion. During the isothermal exposure of nominally Fe + 24%Cr + 24%Ni east alloys at 1000°C a silicon content above 0.8% reduces the rate of scaling by providing additional sites for the lateral growth of the Cr2 O3 layer. Yttrium gives rise to the formation of Fe9Y particles which disrupt the continuity of the Cr2O3 scale. The beneficial influence of silicon dominates the potentially detrimental effect of yttrium in alloys containing both silicon and yttrium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19830340904
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of silicon and yttrium on the scaling behaviour of an Austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloy under athermal conditions (1984)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Silicium und Yttrium auf die Verzunderung austenitischer FeCrNi-Legierungen bei thermischer WechselbeanspruchungMit Hilfe von thermogravimetrisch und aufgrund der Resonanzfrequenz erhaltenen Ergebnissen sowie der Gefügeanalyse wird der Einfluß von Silicium- und/oder Yttrium-Zusätzen zu Fe 24 Cr 24 Ni auf das Oxidationsverhalten bei thermischer Wechselbeanspruchung untersucht. Silicium begünstigt danach die Bildung eines schützenden Chromoxidzunders, jedoch kann die Ansammlung einer mechanisch schwachen, siliciumreichen Oxidschicht an der Zunder/Metall-Grenzfläche zum Abplatzen des Zunders führen. Yttrium allein beeinflußt das Oxidationsverhalten nur geringfügig; zusammen mit Silicium verhindert es jedoch die Bildung der genannten siliciumreichen Zwischenoxidschicht. Die Temperaturänderung, die erforderlich ist, um den Zunder zum Abplatzen zu bringen und die schützende Wirkung aufzuheben, dient als Maß für die mechanische Integrität der entstandenen Zunderschicht. Die Fähigkeit von Legierungen, auch bei häufigem Temperaturwechsel rasch schützende Zunderschichten zu bilden und Schäden der Zunderschicht im Laufe längerer isothermischer Behandlung zum Ausheilen zu bringen, werden getrennt untersucht.
    Notes: Data obtained using thermogravimetric and resonant frequency techniques and the results of structural analysis are used to evaluate the effects on oxidation of silicon and/or yttrium additions to an Fe-24% Cr-24% Ni alloy tested under thermal cycling conditions. Silicon promotes the formation of a protective chromia scale, but the accumulation of a mechanically weak, silicon-rich oxide at the scale-metal interface eventually leads to scale spalling. Yttrium alone is found to have little influence on the rate of alloy degradation, but in alloys containing silicon its presence prevents the accumulation of the interfacial silicon-rich oxide layer. The temperature change required to cause scale failure and loss of protection to the substrate material is used as a measure of the mechanical integrity of the scales formed. The ability of alloys to form scales rapidly under conditions of frequent thermal cycling and to repair damage caused to a scale grown over a prolonged period of isothermal exposure are separately examined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19840350604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrostatic ion guide interface for combining electrospray with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 731-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new interface for coupling electrospray (ES) ionization and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry has been developed based on an electrostatic ion guide (EIG). In these initial studies, the EIG interface has been demonstrated to be a simple but effective means of transmitting ES ions generated outside the magnetic field to the FTICR cell. In the current system, the pressures in the EIG region and front FTICR cell are 10-5 and 10-6 Torr, respectively. Under these conditions, ions may be accumulated with low trapping voltages (0.5-0.75 V) and without a high pressure pulse of buffer gas. ES-FTICR spectra of picomole to femtomole quantities of several peptides, proteins, nucleotides and dinucleotides have been obtained. Modifications currently in progress should enhance performance with respect both to limits of detection and to mass resolution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090904
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform mass spectrometry of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 828-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conditions for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of oligodeoxyribonucleotides at 355 nm, developed using a 3-Tesla Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTMS), are reported. Efficient ion trapping and matrix selection are critical to the desorption and detection of oligonucleotides by FTMS. The achievable upper mass limit for the MALDI-FTMS of bio molecules on our 3-Tesla system has been extended from approximately 2 kDa to 6 kDa through the use of pulsed-trapping-plate ion deceleration techniques. By implementing the deceleration techniques, molecular ions for bovine insulin (MW = 5733.5), an oligodeoxythymidylic acid, pd[T]10 (MW = 3060.0), and a mixed-base 12-mer (MW = 3611.5) have been measured. For the analysis of oligonucleotides by FTMS, selection of an appropriate MALDI matrix is essential for the generation of [M—H]- ions. 3-Hydroxypicolinic acid provides a significant improvement over 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid for production of deprotonated molecules particularly for mixed-base oligomers. MALDI studies using FTMS have been duplicated using a newly constructed time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) and oligonucleotide fragmentation on the TOFMS is reduced relative to that observed by FTMS. This may be a consequence of the longer times (milliseconds) required for FTMS detection.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface modification of aluminium hydroxide on the crystallisation behaviour of aluminium hydroxide filled polypropylenes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 235 (1996), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diese Studie umfaßt Verbundwerkstoffe auf Polypropylen(PP)-Basis (Homopolymeres und schlagzäh modifiziertes Copolymeres) und oberflächenaktiviertes Aluminiumhydroxid. Differentialkalometrische Untersuchungen (DSC) und Röntgenbeugungsanalysen (XRD) wurden vorgenommen. Die verwendeten Aktivierungsmittel umfaßten ein 2-Dodecen-1-yl-bernsteinsäureanhydrid (DDSA) als Dispergiermittel und ein kommerzielles Haftmittel auf Silan-Basis (BA Chemicals S21). Das mit DDSA behandelte Al(OH)3 zeigte eine wesentlich geringere Abhängigkeit der Keimbildung vom Füllstoffgehalt und in einigen Verbunden ein verstärktes Wachstum von β-PP. Bei Aktivierung durch S21 war die Wirkung des Füllstoffs als Nukleierungsmittel nicht aufgehoben, auch wenn die Elastomerphase im Falle des schlagzäh modifizierten PP den Füllstoff einbettet. Untersuchungen mittels DSC und XRD wiesen darauf hin, daß bei unbehandeltem Füllstoff ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen Keimbildung und Füllstoffoberfläche besteht. Bei mit S21 behandeltem Füllstoff war dies jedoch nicht der Fall; die keimbildung war vom Zufall und/oder von den Fließbedingungen bestimmt, nicht von der Füllstoffoberfläche.
    Notes: Composites based on polypropylene (PP) (homopolymer and impact modified copolymer) and surface modified aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Filler surface modifiers used included 2-dodecen-1-yl succinic anhydride (DDSA) as a dispersant and a commercial silane based coupling agent system (BA Chemicals S21). Treatment of the Al(OH)3 with DDSA led to a considerable reduction of the capacity of the filler to nucleate crystallisation in the PP and, in some composites, promoted growth of β-PP. With the S21 treatment, however, a nucleation effect was still apparent, despite encapsulation of the filler particles with the elastomeric phase in the case of the impact modified PP. DSC and XRD studies indicated that with the untreated filler nucleation was directly associated with the filler surface. However, with the S21 treated filler this was not the case and PP nucleation was random and/or flow induced with no association with the filler surface.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052350116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characteristics of polydienes obtained with lanthanide-based catalysts (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 47 (1996), S. 450-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyisoprene and polybutadiene samples, prepared from the respective monomers using lanthanide-based catalysts, have been analyzed in terms of microstructure, glass transition temperatures and stabilities to thermo-oxidative degradation. Quantitative determination of 1,4-cis/trans, 1,2- and 3,4-contents have been made from the IR spectra of the polymers. Attempts to use 1H and 13C NMR and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the microstructure of the materials has at best proved only partially successful. TGA and IR spectroscopy have been used to study the influence of catalyst residue on the thermo-oxidative degradation of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1996.010471005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of products evolved from heated coal, wood and PVC (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A review is presented of the gaseous combustion and pyrolysis products evolved from coal, wood and PVC. Information has been collated on the range of products evolved, the temperatures of evolution and the effect of different ambient conditions (e.g. oxidizing of inert conditions). The data for coal have been subdivided into those from which rates of gas evolution have been or can be derived and those from which this is not possible. Probable decomposition routes for PVC and for wood are discussed. Although all three materials have been widely studied, the correlation between the work of different authors in not always good. The data obtained are dependent on the form of the experiment, and there are gaps in the information available, especially information on the rates of evolution of products of products as a function of temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of gases evolved from heated coal, wood and PVC conveyor belt their effect on zinc oxide single-crystal semiconductor gas sensors (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 9-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An analysis, using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-linked mass spectroscopy, of the major products evolved as a function of temperature from coal, wood and PVC conveyor belting is described. The effect of these products, both collectively and as individual species, on the electrical properties of zinc oxide gas sensors has been investigated: the conductance of the sensors was measured in air containing either the total products evolved from the heated materials or the individual products eluted from a gas chromatographic column. Thus, the products from the different materials which make up the total zinc oxide gas sensor response at different material temperatures were identified. For coal dust heated in air the sensors responded to aromatic hydrocarbons H2 and CO, which were evolved between 100° and 200°C. For coal heated in nitrogen the sensors responded to the aromatic hydrocarbons evolved between 100° and 170°C. For PVC conveyor belt heated in air, the low temperature response was to the low levels of HCl evolved below 200°C. Finally, for hardwood dust heated in air the sensors responded primarily to the acid vapour evolved between 170° and 200°C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupled heat and mass transport phenomena in siliceous aggregate concrete slabs subjected to fire (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 21 (1997), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mathematical and computational model simulating the coupled heat and mass transfer and related processes in porous media exposed to elevated temperatures has been developed. Taking into account the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and including the effects of evaporation and dehydration processes on the transport phenomena, a set of three coupled nonlinear differential equations is obtained. Siliceous aggregate concrete slabs subjected to the ASTM E119 standard fire exposure are modeled and validated against test data. Output depicts the coupled relationships between the material's temperature, moisture content, and pore pressure histories and distributions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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