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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: citrus exocortis viroid ; osmotic stress proteins ; pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins ; sequence homologies ; thaumatin-like proteins ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract P23, a 23 kDa pathogenesis-related (PR) protein, was purified from citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd)-infected tomato leaves. Partial amino acid sequencing of this protein including the N-terminal and nine additional tryptic fragments covering about 50% of its primary structure revealed extensive homologies to the members of the family of plant thaumatin-like proteins. Sequence alignment revealed that tomato P23 is the previously described NP24 protein found to be associated to osmotic stress in tomato. In view of this fact the possible role of pathogenesis-related P23 protein as a component of a general mechanism of response of the plant is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1931-1944 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: ESR Studies in the Thioamide Series, VI.  -  Radical Anions of N,N-Dialkylbenzamides, -thiobenzamides, and -selenobenzamidesRadical anions of the title compounds 1-9 were generated by in-situ electroreduction and studied by ESR spectroscopy. Earlier assignments and interpretations of hfs splittings are partly revised. The radical anions of benzamides exhibit nonequivalency of the respective ortho and meta position in contrast to the higher homologues. - It is shown, that CSNR2 and CSeNR2 groups withdraw a great deal of spin density from the aromatic ring and are thus comparable with the nitro group.
    Notes: Durch in-situ-Elektroreduktion erzeugte Radikalanionen von Benzamiden 1-3, Thiobenzamiden 4-6 und Selenobenzamiden 7-9 werden ESR-spektroskopisch untersucht (Abbildungen 1 - 4). Dabei werden frühere Zuordnungen und Interpretationen von Hyperfeinstruktur-Aufspaltungen teilweise revidiert. Bei den Benzamid-Radikalanionen besteht bei Raumtemperatur Nichtäquivalenz der jeweiligen ortho- und meta-Positionen, bei den höheren Homologen dagegen nicht.  -  Es wird gezeigt, daß die CSNR2- und CSeNR2-Gruppen als Substituenten in aromatischen Radikalanionen dem Benzolring viel Spindichte entziehen und in dieser Hinsicht der Nitrogruppe ähneln.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 1796-1803 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of a Thieno[3,4-c]isothiazole with 1,2,4-Triazoline-3,5-diones and AlkynesThe reactions of the title compound 1 with the 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones 4a, b as well as with dibenzoylethyne and bis(diethylamino)ethyne lead to the formation of the heterocycles 5, 7, and 12.
    Notes: Die Reaktionen der Titelverbindung 1 mit den 1,2,4-Triazolin-3,5-dionen 4a, b sowie mit Dibenzoylethin und Bis(diethylamino)ethin führen zu den Heterocyclen 5, 7 und 12.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Detection ; Imidazole ; Negative staining ; Lysozyme ; Inflammation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have recently shown that a few nanograms of protein separated by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels can be detected by reverse-staining, exploiting the precipitation reaction between zinc(II) and imidazole. Modifications of this method have also been generated to detect gelisolated nucleic acids and bacterial glycolipids. Because there is no recourse to chemical modifiers, the reverse-staining technique has been valuable when micropreparing these biomacromolecules for later use or characterization. The mechanism underlying the reverse-staining effect, however, remains incompletely understood and this has prevented a further generalization of the technique. Here, we have conducted physicochemical experiments and identified zinc imidazolate (ZnIm2) as the main component of the precipitate that forms along the surface of zinc-imidazole reverse-stained gels. Many staining effects observed when gels containing electrophoretically separated biopolymers are subjected to zinc-imidazole stains have been rationalized. The reverse-staining method has been vastly generalized, now allowing the detection of proteins and glycolipids as well as complexes of these macromolecules in native gels. We demonstrate the application of the reverse-staining technique in situations where Coomassie blue or silver staining was inappropriate or failed to produce detection of the species of interest. The present generalization of the reverse-staining method facilitated the characterization of biomacromolecular interaction partners in mixtures of bacterial glycolipids and human tears.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrrolo[1,2-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives from Mesomeric Heteropentalenes and Azodicarboxylic EstersThe mesomeric heteropentalene betaines of type 4, 7, and 18 display an unusual reaction behavior against the azodicarboxylic esters 8a-c. Surprisingly, 4 reacts with 8a, b to produce 17a, b, whereas the reaction of 4 with 8c leads to 11 and the novel azomethine imine 15. Also the reaction of 18 with 8a-c gives in two cases 20 or 25 beside the azomethine imine 19. Furthermore, 7 reacts with 8a to form 26, whereas the reaction of 7 with 8c surprisingly yields 29. Spectroscopic data as well as the results of the X-ray analyses of 17a and 19 are consistent with the structures.
    Notes: Die mesomeren Heteropentalen-Betaine vom Typ 4, 7 und 18 reagieren mit den Azodicarbonestern 8a-c ungewöhnlich. So liefert 4 mit 8a, b überraschend 17a, b, während die Umsetzung von 4 mit 8c zu 11 und dem neuen Azomethin-imin 15 führt. Auch die Reaktionen von 18 mit 8a-c ergeben neben dem Azomethinimin 19 noch in zwei Fällen 20 oder 25. Weiterhin reagiert 7 mit 8a zu 26, wogegen die Umsetzung von 7 mit 8c überraschend zu 29 führt. Spektroskopische Daten sowie die Ergebnisse der an 17a und 19 durchgeführten Röntgenstrukturanalyse belegen die Konstitutionen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thieno[3,4-f]-2,1-benzisothiazole.  -  Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Novel Fused 14π Heteroarene as well as its Thermal Cycloaddition Reactions with N,N-Double Bond SystemsThe synthesis of the novel condensed title compound 2, which contains three masked dipolar systems, as well as its cycloaddition reactions with 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones 3a, b and azo-dicarboxylic esters 5a, b with formation of 4 and 6, respectively, are described.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der neuen kondensierten Titelverbindung 2, die drei maskierte dipolare Systeme beinhaltet, sowie deren Cycloadditionen an 1,2,4-Triazolin-3,5-dione 3a, b und Azo-dicarbonester 5a, b unter Bildung von 4 bzw. 6 werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Reverse staining ; Protein microanalysis ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isolation of proteins from polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels by a novel combination of techniques is described. A given protein band from a reverse stained (imidazol-sodium dodecyl sulfate - zinc salts) gel can be directly electrotransferred onto a reversed-phase chromatographic support, packed in a self-made minicartridge (2 mm in thickness, 8 mm in internal diameter, made of inert polymeric materials). The minicartridge is then connected to a high-performance liquid chromatography system and the electrotransferred protein eluted by applying an acetonitrile gradient. Proteins elute in a small volume (〉 700 μL) of high-purity volatile solvents (water, trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile) and are free of contaminants (gel contaminants, salts, etc). Electrotransferred proteins were efficiently retained, e.g., up to 90% for radioiodinated α-lactalbumin, by the octadecyl matrix, and their recovery on elution from the minicartridge was in the range typical for this type of chromatographic support, e.g., 73% for α-lactalbumin. The technique was successfully applied to a variety of proteins in the molecular mass range 6-68 kDa, and with amounts between 50 and 2000 pmol. The good mechanical and chemical stability of the developed minicartridges, during electrotransfer and chromatography, allowed their repeated use. This new technique permitted a single-step separation of two proteins unresolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis due to their different elution from the reversed-phase support. The isolated proteins were amenable to analysis by N-terminal sequencing, enzymic digestion and mass spectrometry of their proteolytic fragments. Chromatographic elution of proteins from the reversed-phase mini-cartridge was apparently independent of the specific loading mode employed, i.e., loading by conventional loop injection or by electrotransfer.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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