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  • Chemistry  (1)
  • evolution  (1)
  • feeding  (1)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The snake-eyed skink Ablepharus kitaibelii is one of the smallest European lizards, but despite its minute size it is able to feed on comparatively large prey. Here we investigate the diet of A. kitaibelii and the mechanisms that allow the skink to overpower relatively large and even noxious prey. High-speed cinematography showed that A. kitaibelii uses a series of shaking and battering movements to immobilise and kill prey prior to swallowing. During this process, the skinks rises up on the hind limbs and then whacks the prey sidewise on the substrate by twisting the trunk, neck and head laterally. Our analysis showed that the shaking kinematics is very uniform among the investigated specimens. The morphological investigation of the cranio-cervical system revealed that A. kitaibelii possesses a well-developed synovial joint between the odontoid process of the axis, the atlas, and the basioccipital. The odontoid process is cylindrical and slim and together with the atlas and the basioccipital it forms a highly specialised pivot joint for lateral head rotation. We propose that the occipito-atlanto-axial complex of A. kitaibelii represents a functional adaptation for additional stabilisation of the cranio-cervical complex during prey shaking. Digital data from morphological databases showed that specialised joints of this type are very rare, but do also occur in other squamate groups. Thus we hypothesise that specialised cranio-cervical joints have evolved parallel as functional adaptations to different feeding and locomotion patterns. Future studies that link feeding kinematics and locomotion to cranio-cervical morphology might elucidate the function of various specialised occipito-atlanto-axial systems of squamates.
    Schlagwort(e): evolution ; feeding ; neck ; odontoid ; parallel ; skink ; \xce\xbcCT
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: video/mp4
    Format: video/mp4
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Tetragonal Fluoroperovskites AM0,75 □ 0,25F3 Deficient in Cations: K4MnIIM2IIIF12 and Ba2Cs2Cu3F12By heating 2KMnF3 + K2MnF6 and BaF2, CsF + CuF2 respectively, the isostructural tetragonal compounds K4Mn3F12 (a = 832.2, c = 1643.0 pm) and Ba2Cs2Cu3F12 (a = 854.1, c = 1704.1 pm) were prepared. They crystallize in a cation-deficient perovskite structure exhibiting ordering of octahedral vacancies. Single crystal structures determinations in the space group I41/amd, Z = 4, yielded the following average distances within the octahedra, which are Jahn-Teller distorted for MnIII and CuII:MnII—F = 208.3 pm, MnIII—F = 4 × 183.0/2 × 209.7 pm; Cu—F = 190.7/227.1 and 190.6/236.4 pm, respectively. The results are discussed in comparison with related compounds.
    Notizen: Durch Erhitzen von 2KMnF3 + K2MnF6 bzw. von BaF2, CsF und CuF2 wurden die isostrukturellen tetragonalen Verbindungen K4Mn3F12 (a = 832,2, c = 1643,0 pm) bzw. Ba2Cs2Cu3F12 (a = 854,1, c = 1704,1 pm) hergestellt. Sie kristallisieren in einer kationendefizitären Perowskitstruktur mit geordneter Verteilung der zu einem Viertel unbesetzten Oktaederlücken. Die Einkristallstrukturbestimmungen in der Raumgruppe I41/amd, Z = 4, ergaben folgende mittlere Abstände in den für MnIII and CuII Jahn-Teller-verzerrten Oktaedern: MnII - F = 208,3 pm, MnIII—F = 4 × 183,0/2 × 209,7 pm; Cu—F = 190,7/227,1 bzw. 190,6/236,4 pm. Die Resultate werden im Vergleich mit verwandten Verbindungen diskutiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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