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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain orientation of electrochemically polymerized polythiophene films (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1986.140240401
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage drawing of acetone treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 543-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acetone-treated fibers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) were drawn by a two-stage drawing technique: cold-drawing at 25°C followed by hot-drawing at 230°C by tensile force. The maximum achievable draw ratios (TDRs) for the treated and the untreated original fibers were 11.5 and 9.5, respectively. The highest modulus and strength of 28 and 1.2 GPa, respectively, were obtained by drawing the treated fibers with the highest TDR. These values were about 20% higher than those for the untreated drawn fibers with the highest TDR. Although annealing of the untreated drawn fibers under tensions singificantly improved the tensile modulus up to the maximum modulus for the treated drawn fibers, the tensile strength of such annealed fibers decreased remarkably due to the degradation occurring during annealing. The crystallinity of the drawn sample from the treated fiber was higher than that from the untreated fiber, leading the former to a higher structural stability against heat than the latter. These results were explained by the existence of small and/or less perfect crystals in the treated fibers induced by acetone.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400320
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage drawing of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1013-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Initially amorphous and semicrystalline films of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) with different molecular weights were drawn by two-stage drawing, that is, coextrusion at low temperatures (25-160°C) followed by tensile drawing at high temperatures (200-245°C). Both films could be drawn up to a draw ratio of 8-10 by this method under controlled conditions. The tensile modulus and strength of drawn samples were greatly affected by the draw temperature for the first stage, predrawn morphology, and molecular weight. The remarkable effects of these variables on the tensile properties are closely related to the difference in the resultant amorphous chain orientation of the samples, reflecting the disentanglements and chain slippage during drawing, and the dissipation of chain orientation after processing.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460609
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed NMR study on the silica-filled rubber systems (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 3493-3504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Proton spin-spin relaxation time has been measured by the pulsed NMR technique for the bound rubbers extracted from both silica-filled polyisoprene and polybutadiene composites. Two relaxation times T2t (short) and T2l (long) are observed for all samples. They are ascribed, respectively, to the relaxation of the tightly and loosely bound rubber components. When the silica filled polybutadiene composite is heat treated at 120°C, loosely bound rubber is preferentially formed, which leads to the increase in the total bound rubber fraction in the composite. During the heat treatment of silica-filled polyisoprene composite, a part of the loosely bound rubber phase is transformed into tightly one, and simultaneously the chain mobilities of both phases become more constrained state. These changes are accompanied by the degradation of polyisoprene molecules probably due to the strong chemical interaction of silanol group and rubber molecules. At a prolonged heat treatment, the fraction of total bound rubber in the composite decreases as a result of the degradation of the loosely bound rubber molecules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300829
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of high-modulus and high-strength fibers from high molecualar weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1257-1263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was obtained by solid-state polymerization of solution-grown crystals of PET that were prepared from commercially available PET. The intrinsic viscosities of the sample before and after the polymerization were 0.67 and 2.41 dL/g, respectively. As-spun fibers from the high molecular weight material were prepared by a solution spinning method using two kinds of solvents: nitrobenzene (NB) and a mixture of hexafluoro-2-propanol and dichloromethane (HD). Both as-spun fibers could be drawn up to a draw ratio of 12-13 by a two-stage drawing technique. The highest tensile modulus and strength of 275 g/d (34.4 GPa) and 15 g/d (1.9 GPa), respectively, were obtained for the drawn fibers from the HD system. These values were 15%-20% higher than those achieved for the drawn fibers from the NB system. The difference was explained on the basis of the morphological differences of asspun fibers and the extent of molecular degradation during processing observed between the two series.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400714
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of oxygen diffusion on the surface photooxidation of polystyrene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4471-4476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper further illustrates the applicability of multiple internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of near-surface photooxidation. The results are compared with transmission infrared spectra to evaluate compositional gradients resulting from photooxidation and the influence of oxygen diffusion. The sample was a solvent-cast film of atactic, narrow distribution polystyrene, Mw of 100,000, that had been drawn to a ratio of 3.0 at 110°C by solid state coextrusion. Irradiation of these thin films, ∼25μm thickness, was performed on exposure to air at 35°C for periods of up to 6 h using a mercury source emitting at 254 nm. On photooxidation, a board peak appears at 3200-3500 cm-1, attributable to hydroperoxide formation. The most dramatic increase in the infrared spectra is found for a carbonyl band at 1730 cm-1. It appears to result from an aromatic acid group since it is shifted to 1660 cm-1 on immersion of the oxidized polystyrene films in aqueous ammonium hydroxide. It is confirmed that the photooxidation of polystyrene occurs preferentially at the surface and that this reaction rate is greatly reduced in the drawn polystyrene film.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271134
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of ultrasonic waves to the electrochemical polymerization of thiophene (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ultrasonic waves ; electrochemical polymerization ; polythiophene ; potential ; current density ; Tafel plot ; conductivity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The electrochemical polymerization of thiophene was carried out both in the presence and absence of ultrasonic waves. Without irradiation, the anode potential increased with increasing current density. Polymerization at high potential gave a low polymer yield and produced macroscopically heterogeneous films. Ultrasonic irradiation resulted in an improvement of polymer yield and in a lowering of the anode potential during polymerization. The effects were especially marked when the polymerizations were carried out at low temperature, low monomer concentration, and high current density. These results are explained by the formation of diffusion layer in the vicinity of the electrode during electrochemical reactions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of initial morphology and molecular weight on the deformability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 2127-2138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Solution-grown crystal (SGC) mats and solution-cast (SC) films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were drawn by solid-state coextrusion followed by tensile drawing of the coextrudates. Drawabilities and properties of the drawn films, such as mechanical and thermal properties, were investigated as functions of molecular weight, initial morphology, and drawing conditions. The initial morphology and molecular weight have a marked effect on the drawability and tensile properties of the resultant drawn films. The attainable maximum draw ratio increases with increasing molecular weight, and the highest draw ratio of 11.5 can be achieved by two-stage drawing of SC films prepared from pellets with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.43 dl/g. Such highly drawn films exhibit a tensile modulus of 17.5 GPa and strength at break of 400 MPa. These values are comparable to those obtained in conventional spinning of standard grade PET. At a given draw ratio, the tensile strength of the drawn films increases with increasing molecular weight, but the molecular weight dependence is not so marked in the tensile modulus as in the tensile strength. At a given molecular weight, the drawability of SGC mats is lower than that for SC films; however, the efficiency of drawing is higher for the former than for the latter. The difference may arise from the difference in crystallinity and/or crystal perfection of predrawn samples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1987.090251007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface characterization of extrustion-drawn semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) by multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 20 (1982), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Abstract
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.130200110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectra of cis-trans isomers of retinal homologues. Key bands of unmethylated cis configurations and of all-trans parts of mono-cis isomers (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 17 (1986), S. 387-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra have been recorded for the cis-trans isomers of retinal homologues. They include the all-trans, 9-cis, 11-cis, and 13-cis isomers of retinylideneacetaldehyde (C22 aldehyde), which have a longer polyene chain than retinal (C20 aldeyhde), and the all-trans, 7-cis and 9-cis isomers of β-ionylidenecrotonaldehyde (C17 aldehyde) and β-ionylideneacetaldehyde (C15 aldehyde), which have a shorter chain. The homologues were prepared by the stepwise elongation of the conjugated chain. The cis isomers were isolated by means of HPLC from a photoisomerization mixture of the all-trans isomer, and the configuration of each isomer was determined by 1H NMR. The Raman spectra were recorded for flowing CCl4 solutions under pre-resonant conditions by using the 514.5 nm (C22 aldehyde) or 457.9 nm (C17 and C15 aldehydes) line of an Ar+ laser. Comparison of the spectra confirmed the key bands for the unmethylated cis configurations (7- and 11-cis), distinguishing them from the methylated cis configurations (9- and 13-cis), which were reported in a previous paper. It revealed also key bands for the all-trans parts of mono-cis isomers, i.e. the β-ionone side and the carbonyl side.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250170504
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