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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of gene dosage and autoregulation of the regulatory genes INO2 and INO4 on inositol/choline-repressible gene transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    Springer
    Current genetics 31 (1997), S. 462-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Transcriptional regulation ; Phospholipid biosynthesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; INO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Expression of structural genes of phospholipid biosynthesis in yeast is mediated by the inositol/choline-responsive element (ICRE). ICRE-dependent gene activation, requiring the regulatory genes INO2 and INO4, is repressed in the presence of the phospholipid precursors inositol and choline. INO2 and, to a less extent, INO4 are positively autoregulated by functional ICRE sequences in the respective upstream regions. However, an INO2 allele devoid of its ICRE functionally complemented an ino2 mutation and completely restored inositol/choline regulation of Ino2p-dependent reporter genes. Low-level expression of INO2 and INO4 genes, each under control of the heterologous MET25 promoter, did not alter the regulatory pattern of target genes. Thus, upstream regions of INO2 and INO4 are not crucial for transcriptional control of ICRE-dependent genes by inositol and choline. Interestingly, over-expression of INO2, but not of INO4, counteracted repression by phospholipid precursors. Possibly, a functional antagonism between INO2 and a negative regulator is the key event responsible for repression or de-repression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and regulation of the isocitrate lyase gene ICL1 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)
    Springer
    Current genetics 23 (1993), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Isocitrate lyase ; Gene regulation ; Ethanol induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ICL1 gene encoding the isocitrate lyase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned and sequenced. A reading frame of 557 amino acids showing significant similarity to isocitrate lyases from seven other species could be identified. Construction of icl1 null mutants led to growth defects on C2 carbon sources while utilization of sugars or C3 substrates remained unaffected. Using an ICL1-lacZ fusion integrated at the ICL1 locus, a more than 200-fold induction of β-galactosidase activity was observed after growth on ethanol when compared with glucose-repressed conditions. A preliminary analysis of the ICL1 upstream region identified a 364-bp fragment necessary and sufficient for this regulatory phenotype. Sequence motifs also present in the upstream regions of co-regulated genes were found within this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312621
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of UAS elements and binding proteins necessary for derepression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase ; Glucose repression ; Gene activation ; Gluconeogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis and the FBP1 gene is not transcribed during growth with glucose. Genetic analysis indicated a positive regulation of FBP1 expression after exhaustion of glucose. By linker-deletion analysis, two upstream activation sites (UAS1 and UAS2) were localized and the respective UAS-binding factors (DAP I and DAP II for derepression activating protein) were identified by gel retardation. UAS1 and UAS2 span about 30 bp each, and are separated by approximately 30 bp. Both UAS sites act synergistically. Although UAS1 showed some similarities to the DNA-binding consensus for the general yeast activator Rap1, competition experiments and DEAE-chromatography proved that DAP I and Rap1 correspond to different proteins. Gel retardation by DAP I depended on carbon sources and did not occur in cells growing logarithmically with glucose, whereas a strong retardation signal was obtained with ethanol-grown cells. The present results suggest that DAP I and DAP II are the final regulatory elements for glucose derepression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352437
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über das elektrolytisch-potentiostatische Ätzen von nichtrostenden Stählen in 10 n NaOH unter Anwendung eines Coulometers (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into the electrolytic-potentiostatic etching of stainless steels in 10 n NaOH, using a coulometerCurrent density/potential characteristics can only provide qualitative indications concerning the phenomena encountered with potentiostatic etching in 10 n NaOH. The process is best carried out in the trans-passive zone. Identification is based, not on the selective dissolution of certain standard components, but on the interference colours which can be observed as a result of the formation of cover layers of different thickness. The charge density/time characteristics also permit quantitative indications of the different phases. Current density/time curves permit a clarification of the mechanism govering the formation of cover layers. A ferritic steel (28 pC Cr) and a NiCr alloy (45 pC Cr) were found to follow a cubic law of growth, whilst CrNi steel 18-8 is initially governed by an approximately logarithmic law, followed by a zone extending over several hours where the growth begins to follow a parabolic law.
    Notes: Stromdichte-Potential-Kurven ermöglichen nur qualitative Aussagen über die Vorgänge beim potentiostatischen Ätzen in 10 n NaOH. Am günstigsten ist Ätzen im Transpassivbereich. Die Identifizierung erfolgt dabei nicht durch selektive Auflösung bestimmter Gefügebestandteile, sondern aufgrund der Interferenzfarben, die infolge der Bildung unterschiedlich starker Deckschichten zu beobachten sind. Die Ladungsdichte-Zeit-Kurven ermöglichen auch Aussagen über die Mengen der einzelnen Phasen. Stromdichte-Zeit-Kurven ermöglichen eine Aufklärung des Deckschichtbildungsmechanismus. Für einen ferritischen Stahl (28% Cr) und eine NiCr-Legierung mit 45% Cr gilt ein kubisches Wachstumsgesetz, während für CrNi-Stahl 18-8 zunächst ein annähernd logarithmisches Gesetz gilt, an das sich ein mehrstündiger Bereich anschließt, in dem übergang zu einem parabolischen Schichtwachstum erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis der Natriumamalgame (1904)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 40 (1904), S. 385-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19040400124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ausscheidungs- und Korrosionsverhalten unstabilisierter und stabilisierter 18/10 Chrom-Nickel-Stähle nach kurzzeitigem sensibilisierendem Glühen (1976)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 560-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Precipitation and corrosion behaviour of unstabilized and stabilized 18 10 CrNi steels after short term sensibilizing annealingThe authors have studied the precipitation behaviour of the steels X5 CrNi 18 9, X10CrNiTi 18 9 and X 10CrNiNb 18 9 after solution and sensibilization annealing, and the intercrystalline corrosion behaviour in the Straußtest. On the basis of the results obtained it was possible to determine the and carbonitrides and to define the grain segregation ranges. In the case of the unstabilized materials the behaviour is a function of the formation of chromium depleted zones. However, it is not absolute value of the depletion at the carbid/austenite interphase which controls corrosion, but the depletion in an adjacent zone of measurable thickness. Beyond that the Huey test allows the corrosion susceptibility to be determined in those regions where no continuous chromium depleted zone exists. In the case of stabilized steels the corrosion behaviour depends in addition from carbonitride precipitation, since these compounds are heavily attacked by the boiling nitride acid.
    Notes: Die Verfasser untersuchten das Ausscheidungsverhalten der Stähle X 5 CrNi 18 9, X 10CrNiTi 18 9 und X 10CrNiNb 18 9 nach Lösungs- und Sensibilisierungsglühen sowie das Verhalten gegen interkristalline Korrosion im Strauß-Versuch. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse konnte die Art der Ausscheidungen bestimmt werden (Karbid M23C6 und Karbonitride) und auch die Kornzerfallsbereiche konnten definiert werden. Im Falle des nichtstabilisierten Materials ist das Verhalten abhängig von der Bildung von chromveramten Zonen; dabei ist jedoch nicht die absolute Höhe der Verarmung an der Grenzfläche Kabid/Austenit ausschlaggebend, sondern vielmehr die Verarmung in einer Zone meßbarer Dicke. Im Huey-Versuch läßt sich außerdem die Korrosionsanfälligkeit in den Zonen ermitteln, wo keine zusammenhängende Chromverarmungszone vorliegt. Im Falle der stabilisierten Stähle ist das Korrosionsverhalten außerdem abhängig von der Karbonitridausscheidung, da diese Ausscheidungen von der siedenden Salpetersäure stark angegriffen werden.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19760270804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putative target sites for mobile G+C rich clusters in yeast mitochondrial DNA: Single elements and tandem arrays (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 272-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: GC clusters ; Mobile elements ; Target sites ; mtDNA ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary GC clusters constitute the major repetitive elements in the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Many of these clusters are optional and thus contribute much to the polymorphism of yeast mtDNAs. We have made a systematic search for polymorphic sites by comparing mtDNA sequences of various yeast strains. Most of the 26 di- or polymorphic sites found differ by the presence or absence of a GC cluster of the majority class, here referred to as the M class, which terminate with an AGGAG motif. Comparison of sequences with and without the GC clusters reveal that elements of the subclasses M1 and M2 are inserted 3′ to a TAG, flanked by A+T rich sequences. M3 elements, in contrast, only occur in tandem arrays of two to four GC clusters; they are consistently inserted 3′ to the AGGAG terminal sequence of a preexisting cluster. The TAG or the terminal AGGAG, therefore, are regarded as being part of the target sites for M1 and M2 or M3 elements, respectively. The dinucleotide AG is in common to both target sites; it also occurs at the 3′ terminus (AGGAG). This suggests its duplication during GC cluster insertion. This notion is supported by the observation that GC clusters of the minor classes G and V similarily repeat at their 3′ terminus a GT or an AA dinucleotide, respectively, from their putative target sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331278
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and expression analysis of two yeast regulatory genes involved in the derepression of glucose-repressible enzymes (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 209 (1987), S. 366-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Glucose repression ; Glucose derepression ; Regulatory genes ; Expression analysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Yeast strains carrying one of the two regulatory mutations cat1 and cat3 are defectve in derepression of several glucose-repressible enzymes that are necessary for utilizing non-fermentable carbon sources. Hence, these strains fail to grow on ethanol, glycerol or acetate. The synthesis of isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is strongly affected in cat1 and cat3 strains. Genes CAT1 and CAT3 have been isolated by complementation of the cognate, mutations after transformation with an episomal plasmid gene library. The restriction map of CAT1 proved its allelism to the earlier isolated SNF1 gene. Both genes appear to exist as single-copy genes per haploid genome as indicated by Southern hybridization. Northern analysis has shown that the 1.35 kb CAT3 mRNA is constitutively expressed, independent of the carbon source in the medium. Derepression studies with CAT3 transformants using a multi-copy plasmid showed over-expression of glyoxylate cycle enzymes. This result would be consistent with a direct effector function for the CAT3 gene product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329667
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verzweigte und kettenverlängerte Zucker, XXX. Diastereoselektive Synthese von L-glycero-D-manno-Heptose, einem Baustein der inneren Core-Region von Lipopolysacchariden (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 675-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Branched and Chain-extended Sugars, XXX.  -  Diastereoselective Synthesis of L-glycero-D-manno-Heptose, a Constituent of the Inner Core Region of LipopolysaccharidesReaction of 2,3;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranose (1) with 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane affords diastereoselectively the 3,4;6,7-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptose trimethylene dithioacetal (3). Conversion of compound 3 by a sequence of steps gives the tri-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptit 16 which is oxidized with 1,1′-(azodicarbonyl)-dipiperidine to give the tri-O-isopropylidene-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 17. Finally, compound 17 is transferred via the acetate 19 into the L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose 18.
    Notes: 2,3;5,6-Di-O-isopropyliden-D-mannofuranose (1) reagiert diastereoselektiv mit 2-Lithio-1,3-dithian zum 3,4;6,7-Di-O-isopropyliden-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptose-trimethylendithioacetal (3). Nach Umwandlung von 3 über eine Reihe von Zwischenstufen zum Tri-O-isopropyliden-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptit 16 läßt sich dieser mit 1,1′-(Azodicarbonyl)dipiperidin zur Tri-O-isopropyliden-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 17 oxidieren. Hieraus ist über das Acetat 19 die freie L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose 18 zu gewinnen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198619860409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, LXXVIII. Synthese von KDO-haltigen Lipoid-A-Analoga (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1987 (1987), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units of Oligosaccharides, LXXVIII. - Synthesis of KDO-Containing Lipid A AnaloguesThe non-neighbouring group supported glycosidation of 12 with the suitably protected glycosyl bromide 9 of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose leads - in the presence of a heterogeneous silver catalyst - to the formation of the β-(1→6)-glycosidically linked disaccharide 14. It consists of two 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose units. Partial deblocking of 14 furnishes 15. On glycosidation with KDO bromide this compound yields the trisaccharide 16, which contains a KDO unit in an α-(2→6) ketosidic bond. Reduction of the two azido groups followed by amidation with (R)-3-hydroxymyristic acid and further deblocking generates the trisaccharide α-KDO-(2→6)-β-D-GlcA-(1→6)-D-GlcA 20 with two 3-hydroxy fatty acid residues in an amidic linkage.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung des Pyranosylbromids 9 der 2-Azido-2-desoxy-D-glucose mit dem Akzeptor 12 führt bei Gegenwart eines heterogenen Silberkatalysators ohne Nachbargruppenbeteiligung unter Inversion zum β-(1→6)-glycosidisch verknüpften Disaccharid 14 aus zwei 2-Azido-2-desoxy-D-glucose-Einheiten. Nach partieller Entblockierung zu 15 ist die Anknüpfung eines KDO-Restes unter Bildung einer α-(2→6)-ketosidischen Bindung zum Trisaccharid 16 möglich. Nach Reduktion der Azidogruppen und Anknüpfung von (R)-3-Hydroxymyristinsäure-Resten gelangt man nach Entblockierung zum Trisaccharid α-KDO-(2→6)-β-D-GlcA-(1→6)-D-GlcA 20, das amidartig zwei 3-Hydroxyfettsäure-Reste gebunden enthält.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198719870316
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