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  • 1
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: G + C-rich promoter ; GC box ; SP1 transcription factor ; exons ; introns ; mouse chromosome 1
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 1003-1012 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Rubber elasticity ; end-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks ; polydispersity ; clustering of crosslinks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract End-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks with different molecular weight distributions (MWD) of the primary chains were prepared and investigated by isothermal stress-strain measurements. We found a lowering of the elastic modulus with increasing broadness of the MWD. The observed range of the moduli seems not to be restricted to the region limited by the classical models of rubber elasticity. This result is based on our own experimental investigations and on a reanalysis of data taken from the literature. In the case of nearly monodisperse distributions (M n /M w ≲1) the effect of configurational restrictions of the network strands probably dominates. In the opposite case (M n /M w ≪1), we discuss that spatial clustering of the crosslinks may reduce the effective number of elastically active network junctions.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.4-Diphenyl-6-styryl-s-triazine (P2ST), 2.4-diphenyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-s-triazine (P2AT), and 2.4-diphenyl-6-(p-nitrostyryl)-s-triazine (P2NT) yield dimers with cyclobutane structures by ultraviolet irradiation in refluxing toluene solution. The rate of dimerization decreases in the series toluene 〉 ethylacetate 〉 chloroform. By irradiation of 2-phenyl-4.6-distyryl-s-triazine (PS2T), 2-phenyl-4.6-bis-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-s-triazine (PA2T), and 2-Phenyl-4.6-bis-(p-nitrostyryl)-s-triazine (PN2T) polymers are obtained. The polymers decomposed during prolonged irradiation in toluene but not in benzene solution as shown by viscosimetric measurements.
    Notes: 2.4-Diphenyl-6-styryl-s-triazin (P2ST), 2.4-Diphenyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-s-triazin (P2AT) und 2.4-Diphenyl-6-(p-nitrostyryl)-s-triazin (P2NT) gehen beim Belichten mit UV-Licht in siedender toluolischer Lösung in Dimere mit Cyclobutanstruktur über. Die Geschwindigkeit der Dimerisierung nimmt in der Reihenfolge Toluol 〉 Äthylacetat 〉 Chloroform ab. Die Belichtung von 2-Phenyl-4.6-distyryl-s-triazin (PS2T), 2-Phenyl-4.6-bis-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-s-triazin (PA2T) und 2-Phenyl-4.6-bis-(p-nitrostyryl)-s-triazin (PN2T) führte zu Polymeren. In Toluol, nicht aber in Benzol, wurde dabei viskosimetrisch ein mit fortschreitender Zeit zunehmender Abbau der Polymeren beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 169 (1973), S. 145-162 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: DL-Leucinanhydrid wurde in Dioxan, Benzol, Tetrahydrofuran, Butanon und Dimethylformamid bei Temperaturen zwischen 10 und 55°C mit 15 optisch aktiven, primären und sekundären Aminen als Initiatoren polymerisiert. Die optische Ausbeute der Polymeren kann zufriedenstellend für Umsätze zwischen 3 und 94% durch eine ideale Copolymerisationsgleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm d[L]/d[D] = R([L]/[D])} $$\end{document} beschrieben werden (R = const). Das höchste R (=1,30) wurde für die Initiierung mit ( - )-L-Prolinmethylester in Dioxan bei 25°C gefunden. Die ideale Copolymerisationsgleichung kann für 10 verschiedene Modelle abgeleitet werden, je nach den Annahmen über Homowachstum, Heterowachstum, Homoadsorption und/oder Heteroadsorption. Am wahrscheinlichsten erscheint nach allen Befunden ein reines oder zumindest stark überwiegendes Homowachstum (kLL = kDD; kLL; kLL[PL*] 〉 kDL[PD*] und kDD[PD*] 〉 kLD[PL*]) mit einer konstanten Konzentration aktiver Kettenenden in der D- und L-Konfiguration ([PL*] = const; [PD*] = const′; [PL*/PD*] ≠ 1). Die Nomenklaturvorschläge auf diesem Gebiet werden diskutiert.
    Notes: DL-Leucine N-carboxy anhydride was polymerized in dioxane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, butanone, and N,N-dimethyl formamide at temperatures between 10 and 55°C using 15 optically active primary and secondary amines as initiators. The optical yield of polymer can be described satisfactorily by an ideal copolymerization equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm d[L]/d[D] = R([L]/[D])} $$\end{document} for monomer conversions between 3 and 94% (R = const). The highest R was found for the initiation with ( - )-L-proline methyl ester in dioxane at 25°C (R = 1,30). Ten different models are shown to fit the ideal copolymerization equation depending on whether homopropagation, heteropropagation, homoadsorption, and/or heteroadsorption is taken into account. Most reasonable on the basis of other published evidence seems to be a pure or by far dominating homopropagation (kLL = kDD; kLL[P*L] 〉 kDL[P*D]; kDD[P*D] 〉 kLD[P*L]) with a constant concentration of active chain ends with D- and L-configurations, ([PL*] = const; [PD*] = const′; [PL*]/[PD*] ≠ 1) resp. The present nomenclature in this field is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper discusses various new aspects in the elasticity of rubbers and the statistics of elastomers. It is shown that the role of network topology is crucial in the statistics of rubbers. This is seen mostly on the influence of heterogeneities of crosslink density, which is also of practical interest. Strong heterogeneities lower the modulus, but do not change the stress-strain behavior. It is also shown that if in a given network the flexible chains are replaced by rigid rods which are flexibly hinged the entropy is still of order of that of the flexible network and that the modulus is of the same order as the Gaussian one. This holds for lower functionalities, i.e. less than six. The phase behavior of crosslinked blends and interpenetrating networks is shown to be similar of the microphase transition of block copolymers. Semi IPNs demix at a critical crosslink density of the crosslinked part, or alternatively at a critical length of the free chains, even though if the chains are of the same chemical nature as the crosslink component.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 31 (1980), S. 275-286 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The current statistical theories of polymer networks and their success in explaining the mechanical network properties are reviewed. A more exhaustive elucidation of the structure-property relationship of networks in polymers relating to the rubber-elastic state can be achieved by considering topological constraints in the description of the statistical mechanics of networks.
    Notes: In einer Übersicht werden statistisch-mechanische Theorien polymerer Netzwerke diskutiert und ihre Leistungsfähigkeit zur Erklärung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Netzwerke untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß ein tieferes Verständnis der Struktur-Eigenschafts-Korrelation polymer Netzwerke im kautschukelastischen Zustand möglich ist, wenn bei der Formulierung einer statistischen Mechanik der Netzwerke die Undurchdringbarkeit der Netzwerkketten berücksichtigt wird.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 31 (1980), S. 449-451 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Expressions are provided of the mean square end-to-end distance and the non-equlibrium correlation function of a Freed-model chain with stiffness. The effect of chain ends is discussed.
    Notes: Für eine Freed-Modellkette mit Steifheit werden mit Hilfe der Langevin-Bilanzgleichung der mittlere quadratische Kettenendenabstand und die Nichtgleichgewichtskorrelationsfunktion berechnet und mit der von Freed vorgeschlagenen Methode verglichen. Die Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Kettenendeneffekte werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 31 (1980), S. 230-232 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die dynamischen Moduli von Polymerschmelzen werden ausgehend von dem Modell einer röhrenartigen „kooperativen Diffusion“ nach Edwards und Grant berechnet. Dieses Modell berücksichtigt die Einflüsse der Verknäuelung auf die molekulare Bewegung.
    Notes: The dynamic moduli of polymer melts are calculated with the tube-like “cooperative diffusion”-model of Edwards and Grant. This model takes into account entanglement effects on molecular motion.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 226-229 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Rahmen des Edwards-Grant-Modells wird die Ultraschalldämpfung in konzentrierten Polymerlösungen untersucht. Verschlaufungen der Ketten ändern die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Ultraschalldämpfung von ∼ω-1/2zu∼ω-3/4.
    Notes: In the framework of the Edwards-Grant model, the ultrasonic attenuation of concentrated polymer solutions is calculated. Entanglements between the chains change the frequency behaviour of the ultrasonic attenuation from ∼ω-1/2zu∼ω-3/4
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 39 (1988), S. 471-474 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A simple molecular-statistical model of polymer networks with permanently trapped cyclic polymers is proposed. The coupling of cyclic chains and network stucture is described by topological invariants. The equation of state and the contribution of the cycles to the elastic modulus are derived.
    Notes: Ein einfaches molekular-statistisches Modell eines Polymernetzwerkes mit permanent eingefangenen Ringpolymeren wird vorgeschlagen. Die Kopplung der Cyclen an die Netzmatrix wird durch topologische Invarianten beschrieben. Die Zustandsgleichung wird abgeleitet und die Zahl der zum Elastizitätsmodul beitragenden elastischen Freiheitsgrade der Cyclen berechnet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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