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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of organophosphate pesticides in human body fluids by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 42 (1996), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Headspace sampling ; Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) ; Nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) ; Organophosphate pesticides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Organosphosphate pesticides have been found extractable by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and the best conditions of their extraction from human whole blood and urine samples have been investigated. The body fluid samples containing nine pesticides (IBP, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, fenthion, isoxathion, ethion, EPN and phosalone) were heated at 100°C in a septum-capped vial in the presence of various combinations of acid and salts, and SPME fiber was exposed to the headspace of the vial to allow adsorption of the pesticides before capillary gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The heating with distilled water/HCl/(NH4)2SO4/NaCl and with distilled water/HCl gave the best results for urine and whole blood, respectively. Recoveries of the nine pesticides were 0.8–10.6% except for phosalone (0.03%) for whole blood, and 3.8–40.2% for urine. The calibration curves for the pesticides showed linearity in the range of 50–400 ng/0.5 mL for whole blood except for malathion (100–400 ng/0.5 mL whole blood) and 7.5–120 ng/0.5 mL for urine except for phosalone (15–120 ng/0.5 mL urine) with detection limits of 2.2–40 ng/0.5 mL for whole blood and 0.8–12 ng/0.5 mL for urine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269642
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of local anaesthetics from human blood by direct immersion-solid phase micro extraction (SPME) (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 43 (1996), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Local anaesthetics ; Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) ; Direct immersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Local anaesthetics have been shown to be extractable from human whole blood samples by direct immersion (DI)-solid phase micro extraction (SPME). After deproteinization with perchloric acid, the pH of the clear supernatants of human whole blood samples containing the drugs were adjusted to about 7 with 10 M NaOH in the presence of NaCl; a polydimethylsiloxanecoated SPME fiber was then immersed directly into the sample solution to allow adsorption of the drugs before capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection. The DI-SPME for 1-mL whole blood gave peaks for all the drugs; only a small amount of background noise appeared and this gave no problems in the detection of the drugs. Recoveries of the ten drugs from human whole blood was 0.74–19.7 %. The calibration curves for seven drugs showed linearity in the range of 0.25–12 μg mL−1 whole blood, with detection limits of 54–158 ng mL−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272822
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of ethanol in human body fluids by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (SPME)/capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 43 (1996), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) ; Headspace sampling ; Ethanol ; Alcohol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Ethanol has been found extractable from human whole blood and urine samples by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) with a Carbowax/divinylbenzene-coated fiber. After heating a vial containing the body fluid sample with ethanol, and isobutanol as internal standard (IS) at 70°C in the presence of (NH4)2SO4, a Carbowax/divinylbenzene-coated SPME fiber was exposed in the headspace of the vial to allow adsorption of the compounds. The fiber needle was then injected into a middle-bore capillary gas chromatography (GC) port. The headspace SPME-GC gave intense peaks for both compounds; a small amount of background noises appeared, but did not interfere with the detection of the compounds. Recoveries of ethanol and IS were 0.049 and 0.026% for whole blood, respectively, and 0.054 and 0.085% for urine, respectively. The calibration curves for ethanol showed excellent linearity in the range of 80–5000 mg L−1 for whole blood and 40–5000 mg L−1 for urine; the detection limits for both samples were 20 and 10 mg L−1, respectively. The data on actual determination of ethanol after the drinking of beer are also presented for two subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02271017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Donor-acceptor interactions in polymeric systems. IV. Variation of stability constants as a function of the saturation fraction (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 14 (1976), S. 653-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.130141104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyesters bearing pendant anthryl and pyrenyl groups from thioesters of dicarboxylic acids (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 15 (1977), S. 671-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.130151105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Falling coaxial cylinder viscometer for polymer solutions (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1467-1473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple, inexpensive glass viscometer can be constructed to time the rate at which a rod falls into a liquid held in a concentric closed-end glass cylinder. This equipment can be used to measure absolute values of apparent viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Calibration is not required. The technique is an adaptation of a method used previously with polymer melts at elevated temperatures. The present article describes the modifications needed for lower-viscosity fluids, such as paints, and validates the flow analysis with results of study of a characterized Newtonian fluid.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis of dicarboxylie acids containing oxadiazole rings and polyamides derived from them (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 100 (1967), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue Dicarbonsäuren, die ein oder zwei 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-Ringe im Molekül enthalten, wurden durch Reaktion zwischen Orthoestern und Säurehydraziden gebildet. Diese Dicarbonsäuren haben die folgenden Strukturen: und R = Phenylen oder Alkylen und n = 1-4Die Polyamide von p-Xylylendiamin mit diesen Dicarbonsäuren wurden ebenfalls hergestellt. Diese Polymeren sind unlöslich in m-Kresol, aber löslich in konz. Schwefelsäure. Die Schmelzpunkte dieser Polyamide liegen über 350deg;C. Mit aliphatischen Polyamiden wurden Copolyamide mit hohen Molgewichten erhalten.
    Notes: Novel dicarboxylic acids containing one or two 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings in a molecule were synthesized by the reaction between orthoesters and acid hydrazides These dicarboxylic acids have the following structures: and where R represents a phenylene or an alkylene group and n = 1-4.The polyamides from p-xylylenediamine with these dicarboxylic acids were also prepared. The polymers are generally insoluble in m-cresol but soluble in conc. sulfuric acid. The melting points were estimated at above 350°C. Copolyamides of high molecular weights with aliphatic polyamides were obtained.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1967.021000111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Turn preference of tetrapeptide sequences as analyzed by CD spectra of their Dnp-pNA derivatives (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 1921-1927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Dnp-pNA derivatives of more than 30 tetrapeptides were synthesized and subjected to CD measurements in MeOH. The CD spectra were analyzed on the basis of exciton chirality theory and were found to be useful for estimating β-turn preference of the parent tetrapeptides based on the following facts: (1) when a compound of the series takes the βturn conformation, a pair of strong CD bands with opposite sign are observed at 305 and 350 nm, and (2) when it is in a random or nonfolded conformation, no significant bands are observed at the wavelengths. The intensity of the 350-nm band reflects especially well the βturn preference. The CD spectra can be classified into two groups according to the sign of the band at 350 nm, and the groups seem to correspond to the type of βturn. By summarizing the results obtained, some generalizations concerning the sequence-conformation relationship are proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1981.360200915
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteogenic cell cytotoxicity and biomechanical strength of the new ceramic Diopside (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 37 (1997), S. 100-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Diopside ; biocompatibility ; osteogenic cell (MC3T3-E1) ; biomechanical strength ; apatite wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (AWGC) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Diopside was prepared by sintering a powder compact composed of CaMgSi2O6 at 1573K for 2 h. In order to clarify the biocompatibility of Diopside, the cytotoxicity of Diopside against the osteogenic cell line MC3T3-E1 and the bone-Diopside interface strength were examined. On both the 14th and 21st days of incubation of MC3T3-E1 cells with Diopside, ALP activities were not significantly lower than those of the CTRL. TEM photographs of MC3T3-E1 on Diopside after 14 days of incubation showed active secretion of crystals from osteoblast-like cells. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that the cells on Diopside formed multiple cell layers similar to those on the CTRL both 14 and 21 days after incubation. These results showed that Diopside had no cytotoxic effect on MC3T3-E1. The pulling test showed that failure loads of Diopside were significantly lower than those of AWGC. Histologically, there was no fibrous tissue or foreign body reaction at the bone interface. SEM-EPMA showed that Diopside had attached to the bone via a calcium-phosphorus layer. SEM back-scattered electron imaging showed that the Diopside plate had degraded to a porous state 12 weeks after implantation. These findings indicate that Diopside is a biodegradable ceramic. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 37, 100-107, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state ethanol fermentation by means of inert gas circulation (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1312-1319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for solid-state ethanol fermentation (the SSEF system) was experimented on for the ethanol production from solid starchy materials, where a packedbed-type fermentor was used. Both cultivation of Aspergillus saitoi and enrichment of a saccharifying enzyme were effective for hydrolysis of the starch. Ethanol production was set in by a form of parallel fermentation using a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Produced ethanol was simultaneously stripped by circulating inert gas and separated in a condenser. Average ethanol concentration in the condensate was over 200 g/L, and over 90% of produced ethanol was recovered from the packed bed during 15 or 16 days of stripping. The fermentation efficiency was about 80%, which was evaluated much higher than those of conventional solid-state fermentations. The residue had lesser volume and a higher solids content compared with the distillery wastewaters of conventional liquid-state fermentations. This means an advantage for the treatment and the effective conversion of the residue into fetilizers or animal feeds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270907
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