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  • Chemistry  (4)
  • Gas chromatography  (2)
  • Boiler feed water and steam condensates  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of residual hydrazine and morpholine in boiler feed water and steam condensates (1994)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 456-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Morpholine ; Hydrazine ; Boiler feed water and steam condensates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Hydrazine, an oxygen scavenger in boiler water, was derivatised to the corresponding acetone azine and determined at the ng ml−1 level by gas chromatography. Morpholine, a corrosion inhibitor used in steam boilers, was estimated either directly (if 〉2.0 μg ml−1) or by quantitative preconcentration (0.1 ng – 2.0 μg ml−1). To obtain symmetrical peaks for these amines, the column packing was coated with KOH. Use of a nitrogen-specific detector improved accuracy of estimation of hydrazine and morpholine, giving a RSD of 1.9–3.6%. Chromatographic analysis of these amines in boiler feed water and steam condensate samples collected from boilers servicing a petroleum refinery is described. Environmental safety regulations calls for monitoring of hydrazine and the methods developed can easily be adapted for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269836
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple gas chromatographic method for the analysis of oxygenates in gasoline (1995)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 40 (1995), S. 607-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed column separations ; C1−C4 alcohols ; Ethers ; Gasoline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A number of oxygenated compounds such as C1−C4 alcohols, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and tertamyl methyl ether (TAME) are increasingly being used in gasoline as octane boosters and to reduce vehicular emissions. Monitoring of individual oxygenates in gasoline is important for quality control and regulatory purpose. Although, several analytical methods based on gas chromatography have been reported, a need was still felt to develop a simple and cost effective method of analysis. In this paper, a packed column gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of C1−C4 alcohols, MTBE and TAME over a wide concentration range (2–20% V/V) in gasoline. The method involves determination of alcohols and ethers separately on two different columns. The alcohols are determined on a 20 ft column packed with poly(ethylene glycol) 400 as a stationary phase while the ethers are analysed on a 20 ft OPN-Poracil C column. The analysis of alcohols on poly(ethylene glycol) 400 column also provides data on aromatic components of gasoline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290276
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the modeling of bulk poly(vinyl chloride) reactors (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1297-1315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A detailed mechanism and corresponding mathematical model is suggested for bulk PVC production. The model is more detailed and general than earlier models and is consistent with reported experimental data as well as new experimental evidence presented here. Equations are presented and computations performed showing the evolution of the particle size distribution of the polymer beads. The predicted particle size distributions are in reasonable agreement with the limited experimental data available.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190510
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductance and relaxations in the glassy and rubber states of aqueous poly( vinyl pyrrolidone): A cryofixation medium (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 763-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric permittivity and loss of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), molecular weight 40,000, containing 40% (by weight) water have been measured over the temperature range 77-325 K and frequency range 12 Hz to 0.1 MHz. A prominent relaxation due to rotational diffusion of water molecules in a hydrogen-bonded structure occurs at T 〈 Tg (237 K). The half-width of the dipolar relaxation spectra is 2.27 decades and is temperature independent, which is strikingly different from the corresponding features of pure polymers. It is concluded that H-bonded amorphous solid water persists in the glassy polymer matrix and that the H-bonded structure contains the pyrrolidone side groups of the randomly oriented chain. The relaxation peak at T near Tg is masked by a large dc conductivity which, when expressed in terms of electric modulus, has a spectrum of half-width 1.37 instead of 1.14 decades expected for dc conductivity alone. The contribution from dipolar reorientation in the glass-rubber range of the PVP-H2O solution is smaller than that in its sub-Tg relaxation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090280511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decolourization of Crystal Violet induced by ultrasonic waves (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 130-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High frequency ultrasonic waves of frequency 1 Mc/s. have been employed to study the decolourization of dilute aqueous solution of crystal violet. The process is irreversible and the kinetic study shows it to be unimolecular one. The deaeration of the solution by nitrogen does not affect the rate of the decolourization. The addition of certain substances such as alcohol, acetone, ether, glycerine, dioxan and allylthiourea inhibits the decolourization to a considerable extent. Oxidation and subsequent destruction of the dye molecule has been found to be the cause of the fading of the dye solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19680380304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An X-ray fluorescence method for coating thickness measurement (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 11-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An X-ray fluorescence method for the measurement of film and coating thickness has been described for use in situations where standard foils of the same material are not available for comparison. The method is based on the measurement of combined mass absorption coefficient of the coating element at the excitation and at the fluorescent energies using thin samples of a compound in which the coating element is present and then calculating the coating thickness using the fluorescence equation. The paper describes the theoretical approach and presents the result of the measurement of certain film and coating thicknesses which support the theoretical considerations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300080106
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