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  • 1
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    Final Evaluation Memorandum: Strategies for Resolving Low Dissolved Oxygen and Methylmercury Events in Northern Suisun Marsh (2021)
    State Water Resources Control Board | Sacramento, CA
    In:  stuart@swampthing.org | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/6470 | 393 | 2020-08-24 04:45:31 | 6470 | Bachand & Associates
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The purpose of the project is to improve our understanding about best management practices that can be utilized on diked managed wetlands in Suisun Marsh for reducing the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high methylmercury (MeHg) events associated primarily with fall flood-up practices. Low DO events are of concern because they can lead to undue stress and even mortality of sensitive aquatic organisms. Elevated MeHg levels are of concern because MeHg is a neurotoxin that bio-magnifies up the food chain and can cause deleterious effects to higher trophic level consumers such as piscivorous fish, birds, and mammals (including humans). This study involved two years (2007-2008) of intensive field data collection at two managed wetland sites in northwest Suisun Marsh and their surrounding tidal sloughs, an area with prior documented low DO events. In addition, the study collected limited soils and water quality field data and mapped vegetation for three managed wetland sites in the central interior of Suisun Marsh, for the purpose of examining whether wetlands at other locations exhibit characteristics that could indicate potential for similar concerns. In Year 1 of the study, the objective was to identify the baseline conditions in the managed wetlands and determine which physical management conditions could be modified for Year 2 to reduce low DO and MeHg production issues most effectively. The objective of Year 2 was to evaluate the effectiveness of these modified management actions at reducing production of low DO and elevated MeHg conditions within the managed wetlands and to continue improving understanding of the underlying biogeochemical processes at play. This Final Evaluation Memorandum examined a total of 19 BMPs, 14 involving modified water management operations and the remaining five involving modified soil and vegetation management practices. Some of these BMPs were previously employed and others have not yet been tested. For each BMP this report assesses its efficacy in improving water quality conditions and potential conflicts with wetland management. It makes recommendations for further study (either feasibility assessments or field testing) and whether to consider for future use. Certain previously used BMPs were found to be important contributors to poor water quality conditions and their continued use is not recommended. Some BMPs that could improve water quality conditions appear difficult to implement in regards to compatibility with wetland management; these BMPs require further elaboration and feasibility assessment to determine whether they should be field tested. In practice for any given wetland, there is likely a combination of BMPs that would together have the greatest potential to address the low DO and high MeHg water quality concerns. Consequently, this report makes no sweeping recommendations applicable to large groups of wetlands but instead promotes a careful consideration of factors at each wetland or small groups of wetlands and from that assessment to apply the most effective suite of BMPs.This report also identifies a number of recommended future actions and studies. These recommendations are geared toward improving the process understanding of factors that promote low DO and high MeHg conditions, the extent of these problems in Suisun Marsh, the regulatory basis for the DO standards for a large estuarine marsh, the economics of BMPs, and alternative approaches to BMPs on diked managed wetlands that may address the water quality issues. The most important of these recommendations is that future BMP implementation should be carried out within the context of rigorous scientific evaluation so as to gain the maximum improvement in how to manage these water quality issues in the diked managed wetlands of Suisun Marsh.
    Description: State Water Resources Control Board
    Description: Project Number 06-283-552-0
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Management ; Pollution ; BMPs ; dissolved oxygen ; mercury ; Suisun Marsh ; managed wetlands ; best management practices ; methyl mercury ; hydrology ; tidal water quality ; Wetlands and Water Resources ; Bachand and Associates ; Suisun Resource Conservation District ; California Department of Fish and Game ; California Department of Water Resources ; University of California Davis ; U.S. Geological Survey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconciliation of process data with process simulation (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The SACDA group at the University of Western Ontario has developed an equations-oriented modular process simulation program called MASSBAL. A model of a process is constructed by selecting and flowsheeting standard building blocks describing fundamental operations such as the mixing and separating of streams. Building blocks are also provided by which equipment operating or design equations may be incorporated into the model. Reconciliation of the inconsistency and redundancy of process measurements is an optional feature of the program. The measurements are reconciled by minimizing a weighted least-squares criterion while satisfying the model equations and any modeling constraints. The minimum is obtained directly, avoiding the need for laborious searching techniques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of recombinant protein A from the lac promoter in Escherichia coli JM83 is not subject to catabolite repression when grown under specific conditions of continuous culture (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1050-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: catabolite repression ; protein A ; membrane proteins ; continuous culture ; protein expression ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although widely used in experimental and industrial situations, genetically engineered plasmids containing the lac promoter from Escherichia coli are subject to catabolite repression when grown in glucose-containing media. Several methods of overcoming this problem have been investigated by studying the expression of the protein A gene from Staphylococcus aureus under the control of the Escherichia coli lac promoter. When glycerol is used as a sole carbon source, the plasmid is unstable and is rapidly lost from the culture. When the bacteria are grown in chemostats under glucose limitation, the plasmid is maintained, even at high dilution rates, and the expression of protein A is similar to that observed when glycerol was used. The balance between metabolic load and protein A expression seems to be maintained by reducing the gene dose to a tolerable level. Depending on the metabolic conditions prevailing in the culture, this is achieved, either by reducing the copy number of the plasmid or in extreme cases by removing the plasmid altogether.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380914
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of membrane biological reactors for the treatment of wastewaters (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 601-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: aerobic ; anaerobic ; biomass separation ; bioreactor ; bubbleless ; oxygen mass transfer ; extraction of organic pollutants ; membrane ; wastewaters ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Combining membrane technology with biological reactors for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters has led to the development of three generic membrane processes within bioreactors: for separation and recycle of solids; for bubbleless aeration of the bioreactor; and for extraction of priority organic pollutants from hostile industrial wastewaters. Commercial aerobic and anaerobic membrane separation bioreactors already provide a small footprint alternative to conventional biological treatment methods, producing a high-quality effluent at high organic loading rates. Both the bubbleless aeration and extractive membrane bioreactors are in the development stages. The former uses gas-permeable membranes to improve the mass transfer of oxygen to the bioreactor by providing bubbleless oxygen. By using a silicone membrane process, extractive membrane bioreactors transfer organic pollutants from chemically hostile wastewaters to a nutrient medium for subsequent biodegradation. All three membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes are comparatively and critically reviewed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of hydrolysis and esterification behavior of Humicola lanuginosa and Rhizomucor miehei lipases in AOT-stabilized water-in-oil microemulsions: II. Effect of temperature on reaction kinetics and general considerations of stability and productivity (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hydrolysis ; esterification ; Humicola lanuginosa ; Rhizomucor miehei ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Humicola lanuginosa lipase (HIL) and Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RrnL), isolated from commercial preparations of Lipolase and Lipozyme, respectively, were solubilized in AOT-stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions in n-heptane and aspects of their hydrolysis and condensation activity examined. The temperature dependence of HIL hydrolysis activity in unbuffered R = 10 microemulsions matched very closely that for tributyrin hydrolysis by Lipolase in an aqueous emulsion assay. Apparent activation energies were measured as 13 ± 2 and 15 ± 2 kJ mol / respectively. Condensation activity, however, was essentially independent of temperature over the range 5° to 37°C. The stability of HIL over a 30-day period was very good at all pH levels (6.1, 7.2, 9.3) and R values studied (5, 7.5, 10, 20), except when high pHs and low R values were combined. The excellent stability was reflected by the linearity of the productivity profiles which facilitate system optimization. The temperature dependence of RmL hydrolysis activity toward pNPC4 showed a maximum at 40°C and an apparent Eact = 20 ± 2 kJ mol-1 was calculated based on the linear region of the profile (5° to 40°C). RmL esterification activity showed only a slight dependence on temperature over the studied range (0° to 40°C) and an apparent Eact = 5 ± 1 kJ mol-1 was measured for octyl decanoate synthesis. Both RmL and HIL, therefore, have potential for application in low temperature biotransformations in microemulsion-based media. The stability of RmL over a 30-day period was good in R = 7.5 and R = 10 microemulsions containing pH 6.1 buffer, and this was reflected in the linearity of their respective productivity profiles. RmL stability was markedly poorer at more alkaline pH, however, and proved to be sensitive to relatively small changes in the R value. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of hydrolysis and esterification behavior of Humicola lanuginosa and Rhizomucor miehei lipases in AOT-stabilized water-in-oil microemulsions: I. Effect of pH and water content on reaction kinetics (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 78-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hydrolysis ; esterification ; Humicola lanuginosa ; Rhizomucor miehei ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipolase and Lipozyme are produced in large quantities (as a result of genetic engineering and overexpression) for the detergents market and provide a cheap source of highly active biocatalysts. Humicola lanuginosa lipase (HIL) and Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RmL) have been isolated in partially purified form from commercial preparations of Lipolase and Lipozyme, respectively. These lipases were solubilized in Aerosol-OT (AOT)-stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions in n-heptane. HIL and RmL activity in these microemulsions was assayed by spectrophotometric measurement of the initial rate of p-nitophenyl butyrate hydrolysis, and by chromatographic determination of the initial rate of octyl decanoate synthesis from 1-octanol and decanoic acid. The hydrolytic activity of HIL in microemulsions measured as a function of buffer pH prior to dispersal, followed a sigmoidal profile with the highest activities observed at alkaline pHs. This broadly matches the pH-activity profile for tributyrin hydrolysis by Lipolase in an aqueous emulsion assay. The hydrolytic activity of RmL in the same microemulsions, measured as a function of pH, gave a bell-shaped profile with a maximum activity at pH 7.5. Again, the observed pH-activity profile was similar to that reported for a purified RmL in a tributyrin-based aqueous emulsion assay. In contrast, the esterification activity exhibited by both HIL and RmL in AOT microemulsions over the available range pH 6.1 to 10.4, decreases as the pH increases, most likely reflecting the effect of substrate ionization. The dependence of the hydrolytic and condensation activity of HIL on R, the mole ratio of water to surfactant, were similar with both profiles exhibiting a maximum at R = 5. The hydrolytic and esterification activities of RmL followed similar R-dependent profiles, but the profiles in this case exhibited a maximum at R = 10. The water activities at these R values were directly measured as 0.78 and 0.9, respectively. Measured water activities were unperturbed by the presence of lipase at the concentrations used in these studies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Tetrakis(trifluormethyl)-1,3-dithietan-S-oxiden und des Bis(trifluormethyl)sulfins (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of Tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithietane S-Oxides and Bis(triflouromethyl)sulfineThe corresponding S-oxides 2-6 could be obtained by oxidation of 2,2,4,4-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithietane (1). Similar oxidation of 2,2,4,4-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)thiirane (8) yields the episulfoxide 12, but not the episulfone 14. Pyrolysis of 2, 3, 5, and 6 have been investigated and bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfine (7) could be isolated as the first member of perfluoroalkylsulfines as well as the sulfonylfluoride 13 being the product of isomerization of bis(trifluoromethyl)-sulfene (9). 7 could also be obtained by ring opening from 3 with bases and by oxidation of hexafluorothioacetone (11), respectively. Solvolytic ring opening in 5 and 6 yields the sulfones 16 and 17.
    Notes: Durch Oxidation des 2,2,4,4-Tetrakis(trifluormethyl)-1,3-dithietans (1) erhält man dessen S-Oxide 2-6. Auf gleiche Weise gelingt die Oxidation des 2,2,4,4-Tetrakis(trifluormethyl)thiirans (8) zum Episulfoxid 12, nicht jedoch zum Episulfon 14. Die Pyrolysen von 2, 3, 5 und 6 wurden untersucht, wobei als erster Vertreter der Perfluoralkylsulfine das Bis(trifluormethyl)sulfin (7) sowie das Sulfonylfluorid 13 als Isomerisierungsprodukt des Bis(trifluormethyl)sulfens (9) isoliert wurden. 7 entsteht auch durch Ringöffnung aus 3 mit Basen bzw. bei der Oxidation des Hexafluorthioacetons (11). Die Solvolyse von 5 und 6 liefert unter Ringöffnung die Sulfone 16 und 17.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19851180112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Eigenschaften neuer perhalogenierter 1,3-Dithietan-S-oxide (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 1623-1630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of New Perhalogenated 1,3-Dithietane S-OxidesNew perchlorinated and perfluorinated 1,3-dithietanes (4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15), which are partially oxidized at the sulfur atoms, are described. Pyrolysis of the 1,3-dioxides 7 and 15 leads to the sulfoxides 8 and 16, X2C = S = O (X = Cl, F). respectively. Two new oxidizing agents are used: trifluoromethane- and nonafluorobutanepersulfonic acid.
    Notes: Die neuen perchlorierten und perfluorierten, am Schwefel partiell oxidierten 1,3-Dithietane 4, 6, 7, 12, 14 und 15 werden beschrieben. Pyrolysen der 1,3-Dioxide 7 und 15 führen zu den Sulfoxiden 8 bzw. 16, X2C = S = O (X = Cl, F). Zwei neue Oxidationsmittel werden angewendet: Trifluormethan- und Nonafluorbutanpersulfonsäure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831160437
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet irradiation of plastics. II. Crosslinking and scissionThis work was supported by the Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 55 (1961), S. 465-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultraviolet irradiation of polyethylen, nylon, Mylar, and Acrilan produces higher scission-to-crosslinking ratios when irradiation is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere than it does when irradiation is in a vacuum. Irradiation of polyethylene in nitrogen causes a sharp decrease in molecular weight while irradiation of Acrilan in vacuum causes an equally notable increase in molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205516205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet irradiation of plastics III. Decomposition products and mechanismsThis work was supported by the Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 55 (1961), S. 477-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Volatile decomposition products of ultraviolet-irradiated polyethylene, nylon, Mylar, and Acrilan have been analyzed. The principal decomposition products of polyethylene are hydrogen and methane. Besides hydrogen and methane, carbon monoxide occurs in considerable amounts in the decomposition products of the other polymers. There is a considerable difference in the relative abundances of methane and hydrogen in the decomposition products, depending on whether irradiation was performed in a vacuum or in nitrogen. Decomposition products of ultraviolet-irradiated nylon include all of the primary amines from methyl through hexyl. Mechanisms consistent with the observed results of photolysis are proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205516206
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