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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical dehydrofluorination and electrical conductivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Es wurde die Dehydrofluorierung von Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF)-Pulvern und -Filmen durch verschiedene basische Lösungen untersucht. Speziell die Reaktivität von 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecen (DBU) in Ethanol, KOH in 2-Propanol und wäßriger NaOH-Lösung mit Tetrabutylammoniumbromid wurde mit Hilfe von Veränderungen der Absorptionsbanden von PVDF-Filmen im Infrarot-(IR) und Ultraviolett-sichtbaren Bereich (UV-VI) untersucht. Neben den durch DBU oder KOH bewirkten Eliminierungsreaktionen treten sicherlich auch Substitutionsreaktionen auf. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von dehydrofluorierten PVDF-Filmen nimmt durch Dotierung mit Iod merklich zu, und die Aktivierungsenergien der Leitung liegen zwischen 0,4 und 0,5 eV. Verstrecken eines dehydrofluorierten und mit Iod dotierten PVDF-Films führt zu einer Anisotropie der Leitfähigkeit.
    Notizen: The dehydrofluorination of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder and films was studied using several kinds of base solution. Especially the reactivity of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU) in ethanol, KOH in 2-propanol and aqueous NaOH solution with tetrabutylammonium bromide was investigated by the change in infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VI) absorptions of PVDF films. The elimination reactions by DBU or KOH were considered to be accompanied by substitution reaction. The electrical conductivity of dehydrofluorinated PVDF films increased markedly by doping with iodine, and the activation energies of conduction were found to be between 0.4 and 0.5 eV. When a drawn PVDF film was dehydrofluorinated and doped with iodine, anisotropy in conductivity was observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051680117
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic compounds with bifunctional groups. V. Polymerization of 7-oxo-4-phenyl-1,4-azaphosphepane (phospha-caprolactam) (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 164 (1973), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 7-Oxo-4-phenyl-1,4-azaphosphepan(II) (Phospha-caprolactam) und sein 3,5-Tetramethyl-Derivat (IV) mit einer Amidgruppe und einem Phosphoratom im gleichen Ring wurden dargestellt und in Gegenwart verschiedener Katalysatoren polymerisiert. II polymerisierte mit Al(C2H5)2Cl oder SnCl4 als Katalysatoren zu Polyamiden niederen Molekulargewichts. Die Polymerisation von IV lieferte dagegen keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse. Die Copolymerisation des tetramethylsubstituierten „Phospha-caprolactams“ IV ließ sich jedoch mit anderen cyclischen Verbindungen wie Lactamen, Lactonen oder cyclischen Äthern in Gegenwart kationischer Katalysatoren durchführen.
    Notizen: 7-Oxo-4-phenyl-1,4-azaphosphepane (II) (phospha-caprolactam) and its 3,5-tetramethyl derivative (IV) containing an amide group and a phosphorus atom in the same ring, have been synthesized and polymerized in the presence of various catalysts. II polymerized with Al(C2H5)2Cl or SnCl4 as catalysts to give polyamide of low molecular weight, whereas IV did not polymerize with satisfactory results. On the other hand, the copolymerization of the tetramethyl substituted “phospha-caprolactam” IV with other cyclic compounds including lactams, lactones or cyclic ethers took place in the presence of cationic catalysts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021640110
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantioselective hydrolysis of dipeptide amino acid esters by di- and tripeptide-type L-histidine derivatives in a bilayer vesicular system (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 891-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The enantioselective hydrolysis of dipeptide-type amino acid esters (Z-(L)-Ala-(L or D)-Ala-PNP (5a), Z-(L)-Ala-(L or D)-Leu-PNP (5b), and Z-(L)-Ala-(L or D)-Phe-PNP (5c)) by di- or tri-peptide nucleophiles (Z-(L)-Leu-(L)-His (2a), Z-(L)-Phe-(L)-His (2b), and Z-(L)-Leu-(L)-His (3)) in the bilayer vesicular aggregates of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (6) resulted in the enantiomer rate ratio of LL/LD = 1, 1 to 18, the value of which was considerably higher than that (L/D = 1,0 to 4,6) in the hydrolysis of Z-(L or D)-Ala-PNP (4a), Z-(L or D)-Leu-PNP (4b), and Z-(L or D)-Phe-PNP (4c) by the identical vesicular system and that (L/D = 0,7 to 3,1) in the hydrolysis of the dipeptide substrates 5a - c by Z-(L)-His (1) and 6. The high enantioselectivity (LL/LD = 18) in the hydrolysis of 5c by the system of 2a and 6 was enhanced to be LL/LD = 36 by lowering the temperature from 25 to 10°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021850505
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Syntheses and polymerizations of dialkyldiallylammonium bromides as vesicles in solution (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Dialkyldiallylammonium salts 1a-c were prepared by quaternization of diallylamine with alkyl bromides and their polymerizability as oriented molecular assemblies in aqueous solution is discussed. Thin films of those ammonium salts on the glass wall were incubated by adding a phosphate buffer solution to yield giant spherical vesicles with diameters ranging from 10 to 100 μm. When large amounts of the ammonium salt were applied, it was necessary to add more than 5 mol-% of cholesterol in order to stabilize the resulting giant vesicles. By ultrasonication of the film-aqueous solution system, much smaller vesicles with diameters ranging from 0,03 to 0,2 μm were obtained. The stabilizing effect of cholesterol addition to the system of the small vesicles is similar to that observed for the giant vesicles. Under an inert atmosphere, the vesicles in aqueous solution were polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation. From the results of TEM and NMR spectroscopy, it was concluded that the molecules were polymerized in the vesicles without changing the profile of molecular assembly during an irradiation of 6 h. However, when the ammonium salts were dissolved homogeneously in degassed benzene, the ultraviolet irradiation polymerization did not proceed beyond a conversion of 5% under the same conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860504
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microstructure of poly[polytetrahydrofuran-block-poly(sebacoylchloride-alt-hexamethylenediamine)] and its role in blood compatibility (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 1389-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The microstructure of poly[polytetrahydrofuran-block-poly(sebacoyl chloride-alt-hexamethylenediamine)]s 1-4, containing polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) blocks of various molecular weights, and their blood compatibility were studied. These multiblock copolymers were prepared by interfacial polycondensation. The characterization of these copolymers was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical measurements, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The TEM observation revealed the formation of a spherulitic structure at the copolymer surfaces, which is closely related to the homopolymer, polyamide (PA) 610. The DSC and dynamic mechanical measurements indicate the presence of distinct phase separation between PTHF and PA 610 blocks, and of the PTHF block in the copolymer being partially crystallized. The WAXD and SAXS indicate the formation of microstructures composed of crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer. Moreover, ESCA measurements verify that the surface chemical composition of the copolymer is identical to their bulk composition. Blood compatibility of these copolymers was evaluated by estimating platelet adhesion on the copolymer surfaces. Platelet adhesion was found to be affected by the PA 610 crystallinity, including the size and distribution of the crystalline phase in the case of the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are completely amorphous (M̄n = 980). On the contrary, platelet adhesion at the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are partially crystallized (M̄n ≥ 1560) depends upon the crystallinity of both PA 610 and PTHF, including the balance of crystalline (PA 610 and PTHF) and amorphous (mainly PTHF) phases. This result suggests that the balance of the crystalline and amorphous phase distribution in the copolymer is the most determinative factor for suppressing platelet adhesion at the copolymer surface.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870608
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polyether-segmented polyamides as a new designed antithrombogenic material: Microstructure of poly(propylene oxide)-segmented nylon 610 (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2259-2267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A series of segmented polymers based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and nylon 610 was characterized. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed spherulitic structures similar to those of semicrystalline homopolymers. Dynamic mechanical measurement and thermal analysis suggested distinct phase separation between the PPO and polyamide segments, which is generally observed for amorphous block copolymers systems. Moreover, density and X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the crystallization of the polyamide segments is promoted by the introduction of PPO segments in the copolymer. This is probably correlated with unique growth of crystalline lamellae in the PPO-segmented polyamides.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021851103
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ESCA study of new antithrombogenic materials: Surface composition of poly(propylene oxide)-segmented nylon 610 and its blood compatibilityDedicated to Professor Dr. Teiji Tsuruta on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 943-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Surface composition and blood compatibility of a series of segmented polymers based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and nylon 610 were investigated. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) measurements revealed that the chemical composition of PPO-segmented nylon 610 surface is regulated by nylon 610 crystallization, and the PPO enrichment effect on the air-facing surface was correlated with both the degree of crystallinity of nylon 610 and the nylon 610 crystallite thickness. Platelet adhesion was minimized for the copolymer having a long period of approximately 12 nm and a crystallite thickness of 6,5 nm. This copolymer surface had the same chemical composition as the bulk, indicating that the particular surface microstructure composed of crystalline and amorphous phases could be a determining factor for suppressing platelet adhesion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870423
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Poly(α-amino acid)-immobilized polymer adsorbents for optical resolution, 3Part 2: cf.6.. A total chromatographic optical resolution on poly(N5-benzyl-L-glutamine)-immobilized resin (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1851-1860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A 9% cross-linked porous polystyrene resin (10-15 μm) incorporating poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG) was synthesized, and the grafted PMLG was then converted into poly(N5-benzyl-L-glutamine) (PBLGN). In this newly developed procedure, almost quantitative conversion of PMLG to PBLGN is achieved. The obtained adsorbent for liquid chromatography demonstrated a total optical resolution of (RS)-5-isopropylhydantion. Experimental evidence demonstrated that the degree of polymerization (DP) of the incorporated poly(α-amino acid) is a critical variable. At DP = 2, no resolution was accomplished, whereas At DP = 14 or 36, base line resolutions were achieved. Other fundamental factors, such as the concentration of the immobilized PBLGN, the column temperature and the eluent composition, which affect the resolution efficiency, were also evaluated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880809
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Poly(α-amino acid)-immobilized polymer adsorbents for optical resolution, 2Part 1: cf.3.. Effect of crosslinking degree of the support resin on the resolution efficiency (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1841-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Polymer adsorbents for chromatographic optical resolution were synthesized by grafting poly(N5-benzyl-L-glutamine-co-γ-benzyl L-glutamyl) onto cross-linked polystyrene beads. The effects of the crosslinking degree (1,5%, 9%, 30%) and the porosity of the polystyrene matrix on the resolution efficiency of the adsorbent were investigated. Similar resolution efficiencies were observed on 1,5% cross-linked gel (non-porous) and 9% cross-linked porous adsorbents, while a decline in the efficiency was observed on 30% cross-linked porous adsorbent. Studies of transmission electron micrographs of these adsorbent clearly showed the effect of degree of crosslinking on the distribution manner of the incorporated poly(α-amino acid). At a degree of 30%, clustered incorporation occurs mainly on the pore surface and not within the cross-linked polymer matrix. Such incorporation manners are also suggested by the swelling properties of the adsorbents. Pore volumes, pore radii, and specific surface areas of the adsorbents were also measured. It was observed that uniform incorporation of poly(α-amino acid) derives a higher resolution efficiency of the adsorbent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880808
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between electron sensitivity and chemical structures of polymers as electron beam resist. VII: Electron sensitivity of vinyl polymers containing pendant 1,3-dioxolan groups (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 449-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Vinyl polymers containing pendant acetal groups were synthesized using (2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl acrylate (DMA) and (2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxo-lan-4-yl)methyl methacrylate (DMM), and were evaluated as negative electron beam (EB) resists. It was found that the EB sensitivity of polymers containing acetal groups in the side chain was higher than that of polymers containing acetal groups in the main chain. A high sensitivity of 3.6 × 10-8 C/cm2 was observed. Copolymers of DMA or DMM with styrene were also synthesized in order to improve the durability for dry etching process. It was found that the copolymers had an excellent dry etching durability and were adaptable to EB lithography.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300804
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