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  • Chemistry  (12)
  • AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (6)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (6)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: 9-hydroxyellipticine ; DNA ; CD ; linear dichroism ; resonance light scattering ; intercalation ; drug-drug interactions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding of 9-hydroxyellipticine to calf thymus DNA, poly[d(A-T)]2, and poly-[d(G-C)]2 has been studied in detail by means of CD, linear dichroism, resonance light scattering, and molecular dynamics. The transition moment polarizations of 9-hydroxyelliptiycine were determined in polyvinyl alcohol stretched film. Spectroscopic solution studies of the DNA/drug complex are combined with theoretical CD calculations using the final 50 ps of a series of molecular dynamics simulations as input. The spectroscopic data shows 9-hydroxyellipticine to adopt two main binding modes, one intercalative and the other a stacked binding mode involving the formation of drug oligomers in the DNA major groove. Analysis of the intercalated binding mode in poly[d(A-T)]2 suggests the 9-hydroxyellipticine hydroxyl group lies in the minor groove and hydrogen bonds to water with the pyridine ring protruding into the major groove. The stacked binding mode was examined using resonance light scattering and it was concluded that the drug was forming small oligomer stacks rather than extended aggregates. Reduced linear dichroism measurements suggested a binding geometry that precluded a minor groove binding mode where the plane of the drug makes a 45° angle with the plane of the bases. Thus it was concluded that the drug stacks in the major groove. No obvious differences in the mode of binding of 9-hydroxyellipticine were observed between different DNA sequences; however, the stacked binding mode appeared to be more favorable for calf thymus DNA and poly[d(G-C)]2 than for poly[d(A-T)]2, an observation that could be explained by the slightly greater steric hindrance of the poly[d(A-T)]2 major groove. A strong concentration dependence was observed for the two binding modes where intercalation is favored at very low drug load, with stacking interactions becoming more prominent as the drug concentration is increased. Even at DNA : drug mixing ratios of 70:1 the stacked binding mode was still important for GC-rich DNAs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 46: 127-143, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 84-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanistische Parameter der Korrosion durch Salzschmelzen in kohlebeheizten KesselnIm allgemeinen sind die heißesten Stellen am Ausgang von Überhitzern und Erhitzern der modernen CEGB-Kessel mit Rohren aus nichtrostenden Stählen bestückt. Die im Laufe der letzten 10-15 Jahre gemachten Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, daß die feuerseitige Korrosion durch Salzschmelzen die nominelle Lebensdauer beträchtlich verringern kann; die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit ist dabei abhängig von Metalltemperatur, Gastemperatur, Chloridgehalt der Kohle und aerodynamischen Verhältnissen um das Rohr.Die charakteristischen visuellen Befunde, d.h. die klassische Abflachung von Rohren, wabenförmiger Lochfraß und örtlicher Lochfraß an Schweißnähten und Ansatzstücken werden beschrieben. Ebenso werden einige der metallographischen Phänomene bei der Korrosion durch Salzschmelzen beschrieben, darunter die Aufkohlung des Substrats, innere Oxidation und Sulfidierung und die Morphologie des Zunders.Der genaue Mechanismus ist zwar noch nicht klar, doch hat man bei CEGB pragmatische Schritte unternommen und neue bzw alternative Werkstoffe verwendet, beispielsweise auch Beschirmungen, Überzüge und koextrudierte Rohre. Eine solche Politik ist jedoch nicht unbedingt auch die wirtschaftlichste: unter manchen Bedingungen bietet erst die Legierung 50 Cr 50 Ni ausreichende Beständigkeit. Benötigt wird noch Quantifizierung der Rolle von Natrium, Kalium, Chlor usw. in Brennstoff bei der Bildung von Ablagerungen und der dadurch bedingten Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit. Ebenso ist noch zu klären, wodurch die Aufkohlung bedingt ist und wie sie sich auswirkt, da nur auf diese Weise die Korrosion durch Salzschmelzen operative beherrscht werden kann.
    Notes: In general, the hottest outlet sections of both superheaters and reheaters in modern CEGB boilers are tubed in austenitic stainless steels. Experience over the last 10-15 years has indicated that molten salt fireside corrosion can significantly reduce design lives, corrosion rates being a function of (i)metal temperature(ii)gas temperature(iii)coal chlorine content(iv)the tube's aerodynamic positionThe characteristic visual features of this form of corrosion such as “classical” wastage flats, honeycomb pitting, and localised pitting at tube geometrical features such as weld beads, and lugs is described. Also discussed are some of the metallographic features of molten salt corrosion, including substrate carburization, internal oxidation/sulphidation and corrosion scale morphology.Whilst uncertainty remains in understanding the precise mechanism, the CEGB have adopted a pragmatic approach using new/alternative materials such as shields, coatings and co-extruded tubes. However, such a policy may not be the most economic: for example, in some circumstances the alloy 50 Cr 50 Ni is required to give a guaranteed degree of protection. What is still required is the quantification of the role of Na, K, Cl etc. in fuel on deposition and corrosion rates, and the source and influence of carburization so that further operational control of this molten salt corrosion is available.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2155-2169 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: cross-link density ; morphology ; thermal and mechanical properties ; polyurea/urethane foams and films ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of cross-link density on the morphology and properties of two flexible molded foam samples was studied. Film samples based on the same foam formulations were also fabricated to study the feasibility of using them for the characterization of complex foam products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data show that films and foam samples have entirely different hard domain ordering. The results of the study of morphology indicate that an increase in cross-link density appears to increases phase mixing in film and foam samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies indicate that the soft segment glass transition temperature (Tg) is independent of cross-link density (at levels studied). But for both film and foam samples, morphology clearly dicates the manner in which moisture interacts with the hard domains. Results of the stress-strain behavior indicate that an increase in cross-link density increases the modulus and decreases the elongation at break. Mooney-Rivilin modeling of the stress-elongation behavior of film shows that the higher cross-link density sample gives more nonaffine behavior, possibly due to a heterogeneous distribution of hard domains. Similar modeling of the foams was not possible because of their linear stress response to surprisingly high elongation. The results of the power law modeling of stress relaxation response indicates that with an increase in cross-link density (covalent and virtual), the power law exponent decreases as expected. At levels of cross-linking and hard segment content studied, stroke-controlled equilibrium hysteresis was independent of cross-link density. Normalized dynamic mechanical spectra (DMS) show that the film samples have higher rubbery plateau modulus. The magnitude of the area under the tan δ curve at Tg indicates greater flexibility of polymer segments in foam sample. Structure-property relationships of cellular materials can be established by characterizing film samples because a parallel trend exists between each group. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 15 (1980), S. 1-27 
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy is used to compare the adsorption onto aluminium oxide of poly(ethylene glycol) of relative molar mass 400 (PEG400) with poly(ethylene glycol) that has been coordinated with zinc chloride. This work carried out on a low-molecular-weight analogue of a polymer electrolyte reveals that the steric hinderance brought about by the coordination of zinc chloride with poly(ethylene glycol) changes the mechanism by which the polymer bonds to an aluminium oxide surface. The zinc bonds both to atmospheric water and to the ether oxygens in the polymer, which restricts the conformational freedom of the polymer. This restriction causes the attachment of the polymer to the aluminium oxide substrate to be primarily by hydrogen bonding, which reveals itself through the appearance of an extra peak in the inelastic electron tunneling spectrum at ∼440 meV. The implication is that when monolayer coatings of PEG400/ZnCl2 are adsorbed on aluminium oxide, the coordination of the zinc with the polymer imposes a structure upon the latter.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 56 (1962), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Titanium tetrafluoride has been successfully employed in combination with triisobutyl aluminum (TBA) as a Ziegler type of catalyst to polymerize butadiene. The resulting polymer has a higher cis to trans ratio and a higher degree of crosslinking than one prepared with the titanium tetrachloride-TBA catalyst. It is of interest that vinyl chloride, a monomer containing a donor atom, was polymerized with the TiF4-TBA catalyst. Titanium tetrafluoride is not a very effective catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts type of reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 37 (1904), S. 176-180 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 38 (1905), S. 2711-2712 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 38 (1905), S. 2712-2713 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 40 (1907), S. 352-355 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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