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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of phenylacetic acid by two strains of Penicillium chrysogenum (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Penicillium chrysogenum ; phenylacetic acid ; transport ; metabolism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Uptake of phenylacetic acid, the side-chain precursor of benzylpenicillin, was studied in Penicillium chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255 and in a strain yielding high levels of penicillin. In penicillin fermentations with the high-yielding strain, 100% recovery of phenylacetic acid in benzylpenicillin was found, whereas in the Wisconsin strain only 17% of the supplied phenylacetic acid was incorporated into benzylpenicillin while the rest was metabolized. Accumulation of total phenylacetic acid-derived carbon in the cells was nonsaturable in both strains at high external concentrations of phenylacetic acid (250-3500 μM), and in the high-yielding strain at low phenylacetic acid concentrations (2.8-100 μM), indicating that phenylacetic acid enters the cells by simple diffusion, as concluded earlier for P. chrysogenum by other authors. However, at low external concentrations of phenylacetic acid saturable accumulation appeared in the Wisconsin strain. HPLC-analyses of cell extracts from the Wisconsin strain showed that phenylacetic acid was metabolized immediately after entry into the cells and different [14C]-labeled metabolites were detected in the cells. Up to approximately 50% of the accumulated phenylacetic acid was metabolized during the transport-assay period, the conversion having an impact on the uptake experiments. Nevertheless, accumulation of free unchanged phenylacetic acid in the cells showed saturation kinetics, suggesting the possible involvement of a high-affinity carrier in uptake of phenylacetic acid in P. chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255. At high concentrations of phenylacetic acid, contribution to uptake by this carrier is minor in comparison to simple diffusion and therefore, of no importance in the industrial production of penicillin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 310-316, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclopentadienylidene, XV. Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-thion, ein stabiles Tropothion (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 2087-2094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclopentadienylidenes, XV. Cyclohepta[c]pyrrole-6(2H)-thione, a Stable TropothioneCyclohepta[c]pyrrole-6(2H)-thiones (5) are synthesized in two ways from cyclohepta[c]pyrrole-6[2H]-ones (2). The thiones are characterized by reaction with methyl iodide, 9-diazo-1,8-diaza-fluorene (8), and diphenyldiazomethane (11), respectively. Dipole moments of 2 and 5 are reported, spectroscopic data of 5 and of some reaction products are discussed.
    Notes: Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-one (2) lassen sich nach zwei Methoden in stabile Thioanaloge 5 überführen, die chemisch als Methoiodide 6 und durch Reaktion mit 9-Diazo-1,8-diazafluoren (8) bzw. Diphenyldiazomethan (11) charakterisiert werden können. Dipolmomente von 2 und 5 werden mitgeteilt, spektroskopische Daten von 5 und deren Folgeprodukte diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120619
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclopentadienylidene, XVI. Kondensationsreaktionen von Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-on mit substituierten Cyclopentadienen zu neuen Pentadecaazafulvalenen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 3756-3765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclopentadienylidenes, XVI. Condensation Reactions of Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-one with Substituted Cyclopentadienes to Novel PentadecaazafulvalenesCondensation of the cyclopentadienes 5, 12, and 14, activated by electron-attracting substituents, with cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-one 6 by heating in acetic anhydride yields deeply coloured, potentially dipolar 6π-10π-systems, the cyclopentadienylidene-cyclohepta[c]pyrroles 7, 13, and 15. Their constitutions are determined by 1H NMR; typical spectroscopic data, especially characteristics of the electronic spectra, are discussed.
    Notes: Die durch elektronenziehende Substituenten aktivierten Cyclopentadiene 5, 12 und 14 lassen sich mit Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-on 6 durch Erhitzen in Acetanhydrid zu den tieffarbigen, potentiell dipolaren 6π-10π-Systemen, den Cyclopentadienyliden-cyclohepta[c]pyrrolen 7, 13 und 15 kondensieren. Deren Konstitution wird durch 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen bestimmt, typische spektroskopische Daten, besonders das charakteristische Absorptionsverhalten in Elektronenspektren, werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19821151208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of glucose at a rotating gold composite electrode by pulsed amperometric detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 443-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glucose ; Composite electrodes ; Pulsed amperometry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Segregated composite electrodes mimic microelectrode ensembles. In this preliminary report, the use of a rotating gold-polychlorotri- fluoroethylene (or Kel-F, a 3M Company polymer) composite electrode in combination with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is described for the detection of glucose. Comparisons are made with results obtained at a solid gold disk electrode. The composite electrode exhibits a higher signal and a lower background than does the solid gold electrode. In terms of current density, the enhancement of the signal above the background is over 3-fold, similar to that observed with segregated graphite composite electrodes used in a constant potential mode. Little or no glucose signal is observed at either the solid gold or the gold composite electrode when employed in the constant potential mode. In the PAD mode, the signal is stable for periods in excess of an hour.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140080508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The master two-dimensional gel database of human AMA cell proteins: Towards linking protein and genome sequence and mapping information (Update 1991) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 765-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional gel database of human AMA cells currently lists 3801 cellular and secreted proteins, of which 371 cellular polypeptides (306 IEF; 65 NEPHGE) were added to the master images during the last 10 months. These include: (i) very basic and acidic proteins that do not focus under normal running conditions and (ii) low-abundant proteins that can only be detected after prolonged gel exposure. Annotation categories updated in this version include “protein name”, “antibody against protein”, “cellular localization”, and “microsequenced proteins”. New entries include “human autoantigens” and “cDNAs”. For convenience we have included an alphabetical list of all known proteins recorded in this database. In the long run, the main goal of this database is to link protein and DNA sequencing and mapping information (Human Genome Program) and to provide an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of proteins that orchestrate various cellular functions both under physiological and abnormal conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150121103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human keratinocyte two-dimensional gel protein database (update 1992): Towards an integrated approach to the study of cell proliferation, differentiation and skin diseases (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 13 (1992), S. 893-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional gel database of human keratinocytes currently lists 2980 cellular proteins (2098 isoelectric focusing, IEF; and 882 nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, NEPHGE) many of which correspond to posttranslational modifications. About 20% of all recorded proteins have been identified (protein name, organelle components, etc.) and they are listed in alphabetical order together with their Mr, pI, cellular localization and credit to the investigator(s) that aided in the identification. Also, we have listed 145 microsequenced proteins that are recorded in this database. As an aid in localizing the polypeptides we have included blow-ups of the master images (IEF, NEPHGE) displaying all the protein numbers. In the long run, the master keratinocyte database is expected to link protein and DNA sequencing and mapping information (Human Genome Program) and to provide an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of proteins that orchestrate various keratinocyte functions both in health and disease.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501301198
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human keratinocyte two-dimensional protein database (update 1994): Towards an integrated approach to the study of cell proliferation, differentiation and skin diseases (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 15 (1994), S. 1349-1458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional (2-D) gel database of human keratinocytes currently lists 3087 cellular proteins (2168 isoelectric focusing, IEF; and 919 nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, NEPHGE), many of which correspond to posttranslational modifications. 890 polypeptides have been identified (protein name, organelle components, etc.) using one or a combination of procedures that include (i) comigration with known human proteins, (ii) 2-D gel immunoblotting using specific antibodies (iii) microsequencing of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained proteins, (iv) mass spectrometry and (v) vaccinia virus expression of full length cDNAs. These are listed both in alphabetical order and with increasing SSP number, together with their Mr, pI, cellular localization and credit to the investigator(s) that aided in the identification. Furthermore, we list 239 microsequenced proteins recorded in the database. We also report a database of proteins recovered from the medium of noncultured, unfractionated keratinocytes. This database lists 398 polypeptides (309 IEF; 89 NEPHGE) of which 76 have been identified. The aim of the comprehensive databases is to gather, through a systematic study of keratinocytes, qualitative and quantitative information on proteins and their genes that may allow us to identify abnormal patterns of gene expression and, ultimately, to pinpoint signaling pathways and components affected in various skin diseases, cancer included.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501501208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human keratinocyte two-dimensional gel protein database (update 1995): Mapping components of signal transduction pathways (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 2177-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional gel protein database ; Keratinocytes ; Protein identification ; Signal transduction components ; Global cell regulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional (2-D) gel database of human keratinocytes currently lists 3154 cellular proteins (2224 isoelectric focusing, IEF; and 930 none-quilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, NEPHGE), many of which correspond to post-translational modifications. 1082 polypeptides have been identified (protein name, organelle components, etc.) using a procedure or a combination of procedures that include (i) comigration with known human proteins, (ii) 2-D gel immunoblotting using specific antibodies, (iii) microsequencing of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained proteins, (iv) mass spectrometry, (v) vaccinia virus expression of full length cDNAs, and (vi) in vitro transcription/translation of full-length cDNAs. This year, special emphasis has been given to the identification of signal transduction components by using 2-D gel immunoblotting of crude keratinocyte lysates in combination with enhanced chemoluminescence (ECL) detection. Identified proteins are listed both in alphabetical order and with increasing SSP number, together with their Mr, pI, cellular localization and credit to the investigator(s) that aided in the identification. Ultimately, the aim of the comprehensive database is to gather - through a systematic study of ekeratinocytes - qualitative and quantitative information on proteins and their genes that may allow us to identify abnormal patterns of gene expression and to pinpoint signaling pathways and components affected in various skin diseases, cancer included.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601355
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation between Haemophilus paraphrophilus, H. aphrophilus, H. influenzae, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Pasteurella multocida, P. haemolytica, and P. ureae by high resolution two-dimensional protein electrophoresis (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 8 (1987), S. 532-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cellular proteins of Haemophilus paraphrophilus (ATCC 29242, ATCC 29241T, ATCC 29240, HK 477, HK 319, HK 159), H. aphrophilus (ATCC 33389T), H. influenzae (ATCC 31441), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 33384T), Pasteurella multocida (NCTC 10322T), P. haemolytica (9380T), and P. ureae (NCTC 10219T) were analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and silver staining. The electrophoretic protein patterns of Haemophilus, Actinobacillus and Pasteurella were quite distinct. Also the patterns of P. multocida, P. haemolytica and P. ureae differed markedly. Except for H. paraphrophilus ATCC 29242, it was difficult to distinguish H. paraphrophilus from H. aphrophilus strains. Excluding ATCC 29242, H. paraphrophilus strains were quite similar. A. actinomycetemcomitans could easily be distinguished from all species tested, including the related H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, P. haemolytica, and P. ureae. High resolution two-dimensional protein electrophoresis is likely to contribute to a more unifying concept of bacterial species. Among the organisms examined only H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus seem to requires revision of their current taxonomic positions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150081108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comprehensive two-dimensional gel protein databases offer a global approach to the analysis of human cells: The transformed amnion cells (AMA) master database and its link to genome DNA sequence data (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 11 (1990), S. 989-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A total of 3430 polypeptides (2592 cellular; 838 secreted) from transformed human amnion cells (AMA) labeled with [35S]methionine were separated and recorded using computer-aided two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A master 2-D gel database of cellular protein information that includes both qualitative and quantitative annotations has been established. The protein numbers in this database differ from those reported in an earlier version (Celis et al. Leukemia 1988,2, 561-602) as a result of changes in the scanning hardware. The reported information includes: percentage of total radioactivity recovered from the gels (based on quantitations of polypeptides labeled with a mixture of 16 14C-amino acids), protein name (including credit to investigators that aided identification), antibody against protein, cellular localization, (nuclear, 40S hnRNP, 20S snRNP U5, proteasomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, ribosomes, intermediate filaments, microfilaments and microtubules), levels in fetal human tissues, partial protein sequences (containing information on 48 human proteins microsequenced so far), cell cycle-regulated proteins, proteins sensitive to interferons α, β, and γ, heat shock proteins, annexins and phosphorylated proteins. The results presented should be considered as the initial phase of a joint effort between our laboratories to undertake a general and systematic analysis of human proteins. Using this integrated approach it will be possible to identify phenotype-specific proteins, to microsequence them and store the information in the database, to identify the corresponding genes, to search for homology with previously characterized proteins and to study the function of groups of proteins (pathways, organelles, etc.) that exhibit interesting regulatory properties. In particular, the 2-D gel protein database may become increasingly important in view of the concerted effort to map and sequence the entire human genome.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150111202
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