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  • 1
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 31 (1958), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of an ion exchanger selective for nickel and containing a vicinal dioxime group has been investigated. This problem has previously been studied by Kljačko who briefly reported the preparation of an ion exchange resin by introduction of dimethylglyoxime into a sulforesorcinol-type catex in the condensation stage. Repetition of his work showed that the resin thus obtained has some serious shortcomings. Thus, loss of dimethylglyoxime was observed both by elution and by destruction on reaction with formaldehyde, which leads to the disappearance of the complex-forming properties of the resin. The elution of dimethylglyoxime from the resin may be avoided by introducing the 1,2-dioxime grouping into a molecule which itself is capable of undergoing polymerization with formaldehyde, e.g., p, p′-dihydroxybenzildioxime; this does not, however, avoid the destructive effect of formaldehyde on the dioxime grouping. Another approach consists in suitably modifying a phenol-formaldehyde resin. Thus, good retention of nickel was realized with the o-(2,3-dioximinobutyl)derivative of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. The disadvantage of this particular material is its low stability, especially at high pH values. More resistant resins could be obtained from a polystyrene resin by successive introduction of a propionyl group, nitrosation, and oximation. An investigation of the constitution of the polymeric material showed that the propionyl group is introduced into the p-position, whereas in monomeric styrene the propionyl group enters into the β-position of the side chain. The dioxime derivative of polystyrene has a capacity for nickel of 2 meq./g. The coloration of the polymer corresponded to that of a low molecular weight dioxime-nickel complex. The ion-exchanger prepared from linear polystyrene did not have suitable mechanical properties; subsequent studies were therefore carried out on a suspension styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (0:3; 1.0% DVB). Conditions for obtaining the desired amount of substitution were found. At present, the influence of the concentration of the primary substituent on the reactivity of the copolymer is being studied.
    Notes: Es wurde die Synthese eines gegenüber Nickel selektiven und 1,2-Dioximgruppe als aktive Gruppe enthältenden Ionenaustauschers untersucht. Dieses Problem wurde schon früher von Kljatschko studiert, der die Darstellung eines Kunstharzionenaus-tauschers durch die Einführung von Dimethylglyoxim in den Sulfo-Resorcin-Kationen austauscher im Stadium der Kondensation in kurzgefasster Form beschrieben hat. Bei der Anwendung seiner Methode wurde festgestellt, dass sie nicht zu positiven Resultaten führt. Dimethylglyoxim wird dabei aus dem Harze teilweise extrahiert, grösstenteils aber durch die Einwirkung von Formaldehyd zersetzt, und die komplexbildenden Eigenschaften eingebüsst werden. Die Elution von Dimethylglyoxim aus dem Harze kann durch die Einführung der 1,2-Dioximgruppe in das Molekül beseitigt werden, das mit Formaldehyd in Polykondensation treten kann z. B. p, p′-Dioxybenzildioxim; es wird dabei jedoch der destruktive Einfluss von Formaldehyd auf die Dioximgruppe nicht beseitigt. Eine andere Möglichkeit bietet eine geeignete Behandlung des Phenol-Formaldehydharzes. So eignet sich z.B. für eine Nickelaufnahme das o-2,3-Dioximinobutylderivat des Resorcin-Formaldehyd-Harzes. Es besitzt jedoch eine geringe Stabilität, besonders bei erhöhten pH-Werten. Harze mit erhöhter Beständigkeit wurden aus Polystyrol-Harz hergestellt durch die aufeinander folgenden: Propionylierung, Nitrosierung und Oximierung. Das Studium über die Struktur des polymären Materials zeigte, dass die Einführung der Propionylgruppe p-ständig verläuft, während in dem Styrolmonomeren die Propionylgruppe in die ω-Stellung an der Seitenkette eintritt. Das Dioximderivat Polystyrols besitzt für Nickel eine Austauschkapazität von 2 meter/g und das Verfärben des Polymeren bei der Sorption entspricht dem Verfärben der niedermolekularen Dioxim-Nickel-Komplexe. Die von linearen Polystyrol dargestellten Ionenaustauscher besassen nicht die erforderlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften; es wurden also Versuche ausgeführt mit einem Styrol-Divinylbenzol Suspensionskopolymeren (0,3; 1.0% DVB). Es wurden dabei Bedingungen für das Erreichen des erforderten Umsetzungsgrades gefunden. Gegenwärtig wird der Einfluss von der Konzentration des primären Substituents auf die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Mischpolymerisats untersucht.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 35 (1959), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By crosslinking natural rubber in benzene, networks are prepared in which the degree of coiling is higher than normal (“supercoiled” networks). On heating, these networsk are converted to normal ones with the same number of crosslinks but a lower degree of equilibrium swelling. The results of the swelling experiments are in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Results of strees relaxation experiments at elevated temperatures support the conclusion reached on the basis of swelling. It follows that great caution is needed when calculating changes in the density of the crosslinks from changes in stress alone as is sometimes done in kinetic studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 36 (1959), S. 295-304 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan prepared from the pen in the mantle of the squid Loligo was fractionated by precipitation. Two fractions were investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. Fraction II showed anomalous behavior, which is attributed to molecular association, the extent of which increases with decreasing ionic strength. For fraction I, the intrinsic viscosity appears to increase even more rapidly with the radius of gyration than would be predicted by the free-draining model. The experimental change in the molecular dimensions as a function of ionic strength is much smaller than predicted by polyelectrolyte theories.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 298 (1959), S. 9-10 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 298 (1959), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal reaction between bromine and ozone has been reinvestigated. In a reaction vessel made of Pyrex glass, a solid oxyde of the composition Br2O5 is formed. Another oxyde, (Br3O8)n, has been prepared in a vessel made of quartz glass.The formation of a pure solid oxyde of the formula BrO3 or Br2O6, recently described by Pflugmacher, has not been observed.
    Notes: Die thermische Reaktion zwischen Brom und Ozon, die bereits früher von Lewis, Schumacher, Feitknecht und Mitarbeitern gründlich studiert worden ist, wurde, soweit es die Bildung fester Oxyde des Broms anbelangt, nochmals eingehend untersucht. In Übereinstimmung mit den Angaben von Lewis und Schumacher wurde gefunden, daß die Bildung und die Zusammensetzung der festen Bromoxyde in maßgebender Weise von dem Grade der Reinheit und der Art der Gefäßoberfläche beeinflußt wird, insbesondere ist auf die Abwesenheit auch kleinster Wassermengen zu achten.Als Ergebnis zahlreicher Versuche ergab sich, daß in Pyrexgefäßen ein festes Oxyd entsteht, daß seinem Sauerstoff-Brom-Verhältnis und dem analytischen Verhalten seiner wäßrigen Lösung nach einem Oxyd der Formel Br2O5 (I) entspricht. In Quarzgefäßen ergab das Mittel der Gasanalysen einen Sauerstoff-Brom-Wert von 2,70, der der Bildung eines Oxydes der Bruttoformel (Br3O8)n (II) entspricht.Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante 1. Ordnung des thermischen Ozonzerfalls in Quarzgefäßen in Gegenwart von II lag etwa 30% über dem Wert der Konstanten in Gefäßen aus Pyrexglas bei Gegenwart von I.Im Gegensatz zu Angaben von Pflugmacher und Mitarbeitern konnte unter keinen Bedingungen die Bildung eines reinen, festen Bromoxydes der Zusammensetzung BrO3 oder Br2O6 beobachtet werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 16 (1955), S. 417-427 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The article describes a method for measuring times of efflux in a capillary viscometer with an accuracy of 0.003 sec. A film is taken of the moving meniscus together with a synchronous clock. The temperature of the thermostat bath is controlled to within 0.001°C. by means of a Wheatstone bridge which contains temperature dependent resistances. Experimental results obtained with a polystyrene sample in toluene show no systematic deviation from linearity in the ηsp/c vs. c curve between 2 × 10-3 and 3 × 10-5 g./ml. The same curve for a sample of polymethacrylate in water shows a sharp maximum at about 10-4 g./ml.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Organozinn-Forschung gegeben. Zahlreiche neue, teilweise hier erstmals mitgeteilte Synthesen erlauben es, eine Fülle interessanter Verbindungen herzustellen. Auf einige neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von bestimmten Typen von Organozinn-Verbindungen wird hingewiesen. Besonders aussichtsreich erscheint die Verwendung im Pflanzenschutz.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equipment has been developed in which fermentation processes for fastidious, pathogenic micro-organisms can be operated on a pilot-plant scale. Experience has shown the need for the development of concepts, techniques, and equipment meeting more stringent requirements than those ordinarily encountered in the fermentation industry. A system has been developed for the preparation of pure cultures which may be used either for the development of processes or in the preparation of substantial quantities of pure cultures. The equipment includes specially designed valves, fermentors, piping arrangement, and requires special methods of operation in order to maintain pure cultures during growth of the organism. The number of cultures of pathogenic, fastidious micro-organisms contaminated in the systems commonly used in industry is materially greater than the number of contaminated cultures produced in the system described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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