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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DSC study on recrystallization of amorphous cellulose with water (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3069-3076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The recrystallization of amorphous cellulose at various relative humidities was studied to clarify the relation between the amount of adsorbed water in cellulose and the molecular motion by the DSC method. The initial recrystallization kinetics of amorphous cellulose at various relative humidities were observed on the basis of the exothermic peak between 380° and 470°K in a DSC curve. The recrystallization occurred easily by conditioning at higher than 80% R.H., but hardly by conditioning at lower than 65% R.H. These facts suggest that the conformation of cellulose seems to be easily changeable if cellulose has a moisture regain which is approximately comparable to capillary water. When the Avrami equation was applied to the slope of calorific value versus conditioning time at higher than 80% R. H., it also appeared that the mode of recrystallization growth of amorphous cellulose exposed to water vapor is one-dimensional.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070181015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rapid identification method of additives in polypropylene by mass spectrometry (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2065-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For the rapid identification of additives such as antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, and slipping agent, polypropylene containing such additives was heated in a tube connected directly to the inlet system of a mass spectrometer. The vapor of the additives evaporating out of the polypropylene was led to the reservoir and then submitted to mass spectrometry to give spectra for identification.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150901
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on absorbed water in cellulose by broad-line NMR (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1749-1759 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance absorption spectra of linter cellulose containing various amounts of water were studied to clarify the relation between the amount of absorbed water in cellulose fiber and the molecular motion in such a cellulose-water system. An amorphous cellulose sample was used for the sake of comparison. The changes in line width and second moment of the spectra were measured at various temperatures. From the variation with temperature of the first-derivative curves and the second moments, it has been inferred that the proton movement of absorbed water changes markedly over the approximate range 180°-200°K and that the absorbed water lowers the glass transition temperature of cellulose to room temperature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160712
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by metal complexes, 10Part 9: cf. T. OKIMOTO, Y. INAKI, and K. TAKEMOTO, Angew. Makromol. Chem., in contribution.. Initiation by polyvinylamine-copper (II) chelate (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1973), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von Acrylnitril, Methyl-methacrylat und Styrol durch Kupfer(II)-chelate wurde in Anwesenheit von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff untersucht. Als Liganden wählte man polymere Amine und monomere Diamine, d. h. Polyvinylamin und 1,3-Diaminopropan. Es ergab sich, daß die Aktivität des polymeren Chelats spezifisch und höher als die des 1,3-Diamino-propan-Chelats ist. Sie wurde mit den Aktivitäten des 1,3-Diamino-propan-Chelats bei verschiedenen pH-Werten und Temperaturen verglichen. In Diesem Fall zeigte die pH-Umsatz-Kurve ein Maximum bei pH 8, und der Umsatz nahm bei pH 〉 10 zu. Die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie des durch das polymere Chelat initiierten Polymerisation war höher als bei Verwendung des 1,3-Diaminopropan-Chelats. Dieses Ergebnis wurde auf die verschiedene chemische Struktur der beiden Chelate zurückgeführt.
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and styrene initiated by copper(II) chelates was studied in the prescence of carbon tetrachloride. A polymeric amine and a monomeric diamine, that is, polyvinylamine and 1,3-diaminopropane, were chosen as ligands. The activity of the polymeric chelate was found to be specific and higher than that of the 1,3-diaminopropane chelate. It was compared with that of the 1,3-diaminopropane chelate, by changing pH values of the system and the reaction temperature. Plots of conversion against pH afforded a peak at pH 8, and trends of increasing of conversion were observed above pH 10. The apparent activation energy of the polymerization initiated by the polymeric chelate was higher than the apparent activation energy of the polymerization initiated by the 1,3-diaminopropane chelate. The fact was attributed to the difference of their chemical structures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021710103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by metal complexes, 11Part 10, cf.1.. Formation of polyvinylamine-copper(II) chelatesDedicated to Professor Dr. ICHIRO SAKURADA on his 70th birthday (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Um den Mechanismus der Katalyse der Polyvinylamin-Kupfer(II)-Chelate bei der Auslösung der Vinylpolymerisation zu klären, wurden die Stabilitätskonstanten dieser Chelate durch Anwendung einer modifizierten BJERRUMschen Methode gemessen, und die Konzentration der chemischen Spezies wurde auf Grund der Chelattheorie abgeschätzt. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse wurde die Aktivität der Polyvinylamin-Kupfer(II)-Chelate bei der Polymerisation von Acrylnitril und von Methylmethacrylat bei verschiedenen pH-Werten diskutiert.
    Notes: In order to clarify the mechanism of catalysis of polyvinylamine-copper(II) chelates on the initiation of vinyl polymerizations, stability constants of these chelates were measured by applying a modification of BJERRUM'S method, and each concentration of the chemical species was estimated on the basis of the chelate theory. From these results, the activity of the polyvinylamine-copper(II) chelates for the polymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate at different pH values was discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by metal complexes, 12Part 11, cf.2.. Initiation by poly(vinyl alcohol)-copper(II) chelatesDedicated to Professor Dr. ICHIRO SAKURADA on his 70th birthday (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die durch Kupfer(II)-Chelate initiierten Polymerisationen von Acrylnitril, Methylmethacrylat sowie von Styrol wurden in Gegenwart von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff untersucht. Als Liganden wurden polymerer und dimerer Vinylalkohol, d. h. Polyvinylalkohol und 1,3-Propandiol, gewählt. Es ergab sich, daß diese Initiatorsysteme die Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat und Styrol wirkungsvoll auslösen konnten. Die Aktivität des polymeren Chelats wurde in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Metall/Ligand-Molverhältnissen des Initiatorsystems, den pH-Werten und der Temperatur untersucht. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wurde der Mechanismus für die Radikalerzeugung diskutiert.
    Notes: The polymerizations of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and styrene initiated by copper(II) chelates were studied in the presence of carbon tetrachloride. Polymeric and dimeric compounds of vinyl alcohol, that is poly(vinyl alcohol) and 1,3-propanediol were chosen as ligands. It was found that these systems could initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene effectively. The activity of the polymer chelate was estimated by varying the metal/ligand mole ratio of the initiator system, the pH values and the polymerization temperature. From the results, the mechanism of the free-radical formation was discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of pyridine bases as shift solvents for the analysis of novolak resin by NMR spectroscopy (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 1001-1005 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750326
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachweis von Cyclohexadienonen durch neuartige Spaltungsreaktionen von Photodimeren substituierter N-Chloracetyltyramine (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 85 (1973), S. 85-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19730850204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gel permeation chromatography of phenolic compounds (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2513-2520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography, using polystyrene gel and tetrahydrofuran as solvent, has been applied to hydroxybenzophenones, esters of salicylic acid, alkylphenols, alkylated methylenediphenols, and phenol-formaldehyde condensation products. The difference between the calculated molecular volume of these phenolic compounds and that obtained by actual determination with GPC has been ascribed to tetrahydrofuran solvation of the phenolic hydroxyl group. Furthermore, it has become clear that THF solvation is affected by the steric hindrance of ortho-substituted phenol and by inactivation of the phenolic hydroxyl group resulting from internal hydrogen bonding.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070151016
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes by radiation graftingPresented at the 164th National ACS Meeting Symposium on Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymers, New York, N. Y., August 1972. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 809-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Large excesses of a chain transfer agent, carbon tetrachloride, were introduced to a recipe for the mutual radiation grafting of styrene to cellulose acetate film. The effect of the carbon tetrachloride on the molecular characteristics as well as the reverse osmosis and time dependent mechanical properties of resulting graft copolymers was determined. Extremely short side chains were generated as a consequence of the high concentrations of chain transfer agent and the composite results further suggest that the morphology of the grafted films is best described as “destructured” or internally plasticized consequent to grafting in the presence of CCl4. Reverse osmosis fluxes increased with percent graft; salt rejection was high and unaffected by per cent graft up to 40% graft; and the tensile creep under wet conditions was significantly retarded by the grafting. These effects were shown to accrue from grafting per se by control experiments involving α-methylstyrene which will not propagate to form a polymer under these conditions. These results are compared and contrasted with earlier work on grafting in the absence of CCl4 where long side chains of polystyrene were generated resulting in a structuring of the polymer involving domains of polystyrene-rich material and domains of cellulose acetate rich polymer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170313
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