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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 601-611 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A multidisciplinary spectroscopic evaluation of a commercial wire insulation based on a cross-linked copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (X-ETFE) was conducted to determine the chemical changes taking place during thermal aging. These studies provided insight into the roles of the various additives, such as triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) and antimony oxide, in the formulated X-ETFE insulation. During irradiation processing, a large fraction of the TAIC is converted to a cross-linked isocyanurate moiety; the unconverted TAIC is released during aging. Thermal aging of the X-ETFE wire insulations was performed in air at 200°C for up to 5 months and resulted in oxidation of the base ETFE, loss of unreacted TAIC, and a small amount of dehydrofluorination. The antimony oxide serves the multiple roles of flame retardant and scavenger for the pyrolytically generated hydrogen fluoride.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra were obtained directly in a non-destructive and non-invasive way from the biomaterials PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)], HDPE (high-density polyethylene), α-Al2O3 (alumina) and HA (hydroxyapatite) constituting the components (bone cement, acetabular cup, ball and stem coated with ceramic) of a hip prosthesis. The aim was to give an objective contribution at a molecular level to predict their biocompatibility. In particular, Raman spectra of explanted PMMA bone cements do not show the 1640 cm-1 band due to the stretching mode of C=C unsaturated centres. Moreover, conformational changes of PMMA following the implant appear in the spectra in the range 1100-500 cm-1, where conformational marker bands at 985, 968, 601 and 565 cm-1 are present. The limited number of HDPE explanted acetabular cups did not allow unequivocal Raman results to be obtained by means of band deconvolution in the region between 1500 and 1000 cm-1, regarding the changes in the crystalline, amorphous and interfacial contents of the acetabular cup surfaces following the implant. α-Al2O3 proved to be a ceramic with good biocompatibility as a biomaterial constituting a hip prosthesis. As regards the stem coating, Raman and Fourier transform IR spectra of HA pre-coating and HA coating on metal implants show spectroscopic modifications due to structural and chemical changes with formation of other calcium phosphates. The development of new bioactive coatings containing precursors of bone growth and able to promote osteogenesis is outlined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 (1994), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Synthetic methods which provide alternatives to the oxide melting method for the preparation of inorganic glasses are described. These methods were monitored by Raman spectroscopy. The transformation products involved in two main synthetic methods, the ‘sol-gel’ method illustrated here for obtaining glassy SiO2 and the ‘polymeric’ route used for the first time in the preparation of calcium phosphate glasses (CaO.P2O5, calcium metaphosphate; xCaO.P2O5, calcium oligophosphates, where x ≤ 1.6) are characterized and discussed using their Raman spectra. These alternative methods allow vitreous materials to be prepared at moderate temperatures. They can therefore be important in the field of biomaterials for coating metal implants with bioactive glasses and ceramics. The melting method (for glasses) and the plasma spray technique (for ceramics) frequently induce changes of stoichiometry in the coating and also activation of the support material, metal or alloy, resulting in a lack of biocompatibility.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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