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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pseudoreplication ; experimental design ; olfactometer ; wind tunnel ; semiochemical ; statistical independence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The evaluation of behavioral responses of an organism to a particular stimulus normally implies the design of a bioassay. Measurements of the response in a number of replicates are necessary to perform inferential statistics and therefore accept or reject a hypothesis about the effect of the stimulus on the behavior of the organism under study. In the present article, we address the importance of pseudoreplication in studies of chemical ecology, particularly in laboratory experiments on olfactory responses of insects to semiochemicals in olfactometers and wind tunnels. Pseudoreplication may be caused by lack of independence in the stimulus or the experimental device, the reutilization of test insects, or the use of groups of test insects, without adequate statistical analysis addressing such dependency. Each and all of the cases reviewed (N = 105) lacked information in at least one of the factors listed above; hence no cases could be said with certainty to be free of pseudoreplication. Forty-nine cases (46.7%) contained explicit information revealing that pseudoreplication existed in terms of one or more of the criteria listed above; in only three of these cases did the authors address statistically the stated dependence of the samples. Pseudoreplication due to different factors ranged from 2% to 30% of the cases, with an average of 13%. The most frequent sources of pseudoreplication were the reuse of the device and the use of groups of test insects. The analysis showed the low importance given to obtaining independent replicates in bioassays involving olfactometric responses of insects to semiochemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 405 (1974), S. 315-328 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Catalysis of p-H2 Conversation on Pure and CO-poisoned PlatinumThe reaction has been studied on a Pt foil using u. h. v. cleaning conditions. The rate of the conversion is extremely high on a clean Pt surface, the activation energy being 4.1 kcal/mole. CO/poisons reversibly. After preadsorption of CO on half of the Pt surface the activity descreases to 6% of the original value and the activation energy increases p to 8.4 kcal/mole. In the discussion a direct correlation between the activation energy and the lowest adsorption heats of hydrogen is proposed. The reaction occurs predominantly on centres with lowest bond strength.
    Notes: Die Reaktion wurde an einer Pt-Folie unter UHV-Reinheitsbedingungen untersucht. An reiner Pt-Oberfläche verläuft die Reaktion extrem schnell mit einer Aktivierungsenergie von 4,1 kcal/Mol. CO vergiftet reversibel. Bei Vorbelegung der halben Pt-Oberfläche mit CO fällt die Aktivität auf 6% des Ausgangswertes während die Aktivierungsenergie auf 8,4 kcal/Mol ansteigt. Diskutiert wird ein direkter Zusammenhang der Aktivierungsenergie mit den minimalen Adsorptionswärmen des Wasserstoffs. Die Umwandlung erfolgt bevorzugt an Zentren mit geringster Bindungsfestigkeit.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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