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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of highly dilute solutions and the quest for ultrapurity (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1315-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Since very high purity is sometimes required for health-related (and other) products, it is useful to reexamine the common thermodynamic relations that describe the chemical potential of a solute at very high dilution. Because Stirling's approximation is not valid for small numbers, the usual thermodynamic relations must be reformulated for small systems, i.e., for a solute in a small bubble or drop. A simplistic analysis indicates that in a small bubble or drop, the chemical potential of a solute goes to a finite value as the mole fraction of solute goes to zero, in contrast to the conventional result, where that chemical potential goes to negative infinity. This simplistic analysis has profound implications for separation science; it implies that (in theory) ultrapurity may be attained by conventional diffusional methods. While serious objections can be raised to invalidate the simplistic analysis, it may nevertheless be useful for chemical engineers to consider separation methods using highly dispersed systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330808
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal dispersion of liquid flowing through fixed and fluidized beds (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 857-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Longitudinal liquid mixing in fluidized and fixed beds was studied using sinusoidal and pulse response techniques. The tracer used was light emissive fluorescein dye. A systematical study of liquid phase dispersion by varying particle size, fluid velocity, fraction voids, and particle density was conducted. A generalized correlation applicable to both fixed bed and fluidized bed was obtained. The application of the correlation in predicting the effect of the dispersion on reactor performance was discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140608
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of permeability and solute uptake in membranes of arbitrary pore morphology (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1826-1829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410718
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial adhesion and failure modes in single filament thermoplastic composites (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The single filament composite (SFC) test has been uses to investigate the adhesion of carbon and glass fibers to thermoplastic matrices. A new modification of the test is proposed, consisting of SFC specimens stretched until the neck formation is complete. This makes the measuring of fiber fragment lengths much easier and allows a wider class of matrices to be investigated. The adhesion between fiber and thermoplastic matrix is strongly dependent on the contact forming conditions. With increased time of thermal treatment, interfacial bonding is improved and the failuere mode is changed. In the case of por fiber-mitrix adhesion, interfacial failure occurs. With an increase in interfacial shear strength, the martix cracks perpendicular to the fiber at the fiber breaks.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of injection-molding parameters on the morphology and mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites (1982)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 3 (1982), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polypropylene reinforced with glass fiber (28 percent by weight) was injection molded under different processing conditions. The influence of injection-molding parameters such as pressure, injection speed, and injection temperature on the morphology and mechanical properties was studied using standard techniques, viz. polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope, and Instron Universal testing machine. The observed mechanical properties were explained in terms of skin-core-morphology, transcrystallinity, fiber orientation and void volume. This study attempts to correlate processing conditions with morphology and mechanical properties. Such a study would help in optimizing processing conditions to give composites with desired properties.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750030207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the distribution of reinforcement in composites by energy dispersive analysis of X-raysIPCL communication number 171. (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method has been developed for studying the distribution of fillers and reinforcement in polymer composites by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). Conventional methods for such studies are based on the morphological examination of the contrast in the micrographs, which indicates the presence and distribution of reinforcement in a matrix. However, in case of hybrid composites, where two or more fillers of similar morphology are present, the conventional methods fail. The approach described here overcomes this limitation and provides a new semiquantitative method of identification of fillers in composites, especially those containing two or more fillers of similar morphology.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750120610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of glass fiber content on the morphology and mechanical properties in injection molded polypropylene composites (1985)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 6 (1985), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Propropylene was reinforced with various concentrations of glass fiber (0, 10, 20, 28, and 35 percent by weight) and standard test samples were prepared by injection molding under identical conditions. The influence of fiber concentration on the morphology and mechanical properties was investigated using polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope, Instron universal testing machine, etc. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and flexural strength were found to increase with glass fiber content, while impact strength was reduced. These observed changes in mechanical properties were explained in terms of alterations in skin-core morphology, spherulite size, transcrystallinity, etc. The efficiency of reinforcement factor (K) was calculated for all the composites. It was found that K decreases with the increase of fiber concentration. This study attempts to correlate fiber concentration and polymer morphology with mechanical properties and the overall efficiency of reinforcement. This would help in optimizing the fiber content to prepare molded composites with desired mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750060206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relations in polypropylene mica compositesIPCL Communication No: 75. (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 42-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polypropylene composite samples with concentrations of mica of 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60 wt percent were prepared under identical conditions by injection molding. The influence of mica concentration on the structure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated using a polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and stress-strain characteristics. Flexural and impact strengths show an initial rise and then gradual fall with increasing mica concentration. An optimum of these properties occurred at ∼20 wt percent mica. Tensile modulus and heat distortion temperature show a continuous rise; whereas the percent elongation decreased with mica content. These changes in properties are discussed in terms of a skin-core morphology, transcrystallinity, crystallinity, fracture surface morphology, flake orientation, and interfacial adhesion in these composites. This study helps in optimizing the mica concentration for injection molded composites.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological characterization of fast-reacting thermosets through spiral flow experiments (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 172-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standard spiral flow test is normally used to assess the “moldability” of thermosetting materials. It is proposed that such tests can be modified and analyzed to yield rheological information as from a viscometer. Specifically, a “parameter-identification” scheme is developed to determine the constants in a viscosity model by minimizing the difference between the outcome of spiral flow tests and the results of numerical simulations of these tests. The proposed scheme is particularly applicable to fast-reacting thermosets for which typical viscometers cannot be used. Successful application of the scheme is demonstrated for a particular encapsulating epoxy material, where constants are obtained for a modified WLF equation viscosity model. These constants are used to predict the outcome of spiral flow experiments not involved in the minimization procedure. A favorable comparison between experiment and simulation occurs at most operating conditions. The method requires no elaborate equipment or delicate instrumentation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness: A numerical and experimental investigation (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental investigation is presented for filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness. The modeling is based upon a finite-element/finite-difference formulation for an inelastic power-law fluid and includes the effects of viscous heating and conduction upon the flow dynamics. Extensive results are presented for polypropylene and polystyrene melts injected into two variable-gap-thickness cavities, of which one has an insert. Good agreement is found between the predictions and measurements concerning the shape of the advancing melt front, the location of weld lines, and the temporal pressure trace at various positions in the cavity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230106
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