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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 343-345 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ratio of the effective to the normal diffusivity of a material diffusing within porous solids is less than unity. In the simple theory the porosity and tortuosity, or labyrinth, factors are used to explain the magnitude of this ratio and to account respectively for the reduced cross-sectional area and the increased diffusion distance. However, abnormally large values of the tortuosity factor are obtained from experimentally measured effective diffusivities within pelleted or extruded porous solids. This work is concerned with the quantitative effect of periodic pore constrictions on the effective diffusivity. The pore model assumed for this study is a hyperbola of revolution giving a pore constriction at the vertex of the hyperbola. Solutions to the steady state diffusion equation in a pore of this shape were obtained at various values of β, the ratio of the maximum to the minimum cross-section in the pore. Comparison of the rate of diffusive transport in this pore and an equivalent cylindrical pore indicates that δ, the ratio of the effective to the normal diffusivity, is about 0.33 at β = 25 for large pores. At the same value of β, δ would be smaller for diffusion in the Knudsen region.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 221-232 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Turbulent and transitional flow heat transfer correlations for non-Newtonian fluids are presented. By means of an extension of the Reichardt-Metzner-Friend correlation to nonisothermal flow, and a new definition of Prandtl number to account for deviations from Newtonian behavior, turbulent flow data are correlated to a standard deviation of 14.8%. By means of a normalizing procedure, data for the complex case of transitional flow heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids are correlated to a standard deviation of 17.7%. At the transition region boundaries, the correlation is consistent with laminar and turbulent flow correlations. A basic similarity in the Newtonian and non-Newtonian heat transfer mechanisms is suggested.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 671-678 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption of a strongly bound absorbate in a bidisperse-pore system is modeled using a Turner pore structure. This idealized system leads to an analytical solution for the micropore uptake of adsorption that is valid for a part of the adsorption-time profile. The analytical solution yields a well-defined criterion that establishes the boundary between an adsorption process dominated by macropore resistance and one dominated by micropore resistance. The range of the analytical solution is extended to include the entire adsorption-time profile using an approximate analytical solution and two asymptotic solutions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 490-490 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 166-171 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing characteristics of a vessel containing no moving parts have been studied theroretically and experimentally. The vessel consists of two chambers separated by a porous barrier. Mixing results because elements of fluid permeating the barrier at various distances from the inlet reside for different periods of time within the vessel and combine with other elements having entered earlier and later. An apparatus was designed a priori and experimentally verfied to give a residence-time distribution function the same as a completely mixed vessel. The method was extended to show that in principle a vessel exhibiting any residence-time distribution function can be designed by modifying the geometries of the chambers and the porous barrier.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1993-1997 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion and chemical reaction in a catalyst pore is simulated as a Monte Carlo process. In this analysis the average diffusion distance, calculated for a large number of wall collisions, and the reaction probability are computed as two independent statistical events. This formulation yields results that compare very well with the theoretical values, yet uses minimal computer time. Results reported include typical concentration profiles and effectiveness factors for first- and second-order isothermal reactions using the method described. These results show promise of extension to more complex systems where analytical solutions are not available.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 488-493 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is proposed for computing the steady state activity levels at various points within a reactor-regenerator system in which the residence time distribution functions in the reactor and regenerator, the permanent deactivation function, and the temporary deactivation and activation functions are arbitrarily specified. A particularly simple solution to these equations is obtained when the temporary activation and deactivation functions are of exponential form. The latter equations are used to calculate values of the mean activity in the reactor for the limiting cases of piston type of flow and complete mixing under a variety of conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1562-1568 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xenon-129 NMR is used to probe macroscopic distributions of aromatic molecules adsorbed in a packed bed of 1-μm NaY zeolite particles. Relative rates of guest transport through the intracrystalline (micro) and intercrystalline (macro) pores play a unique role in the axial distribution of sorbate molecules, such as hexamethylbenzene, in a zeolite powder. Xenon-129 NMR spectra show that a sharp HMB adsorption front advances through a bed of dehydrated NaY crystallites at 523 K. However, at 573 K or in the presence of coadsorbed water, HMB species disperse through the bed without forming a sharp boundary between adsorption zones.When guest transport is controlled by pseudosteady-state diffusion in the macropores, axial penetration of the bed by vapor-phase guest species occurs in a sharp adsorption front. A shrinking-core transport model then quantitatively estimates the intracrystalline diffusivities of HMB in dehydrated and partially hydrated NaY zeolite of 10-11 and 10-13 m2/s, respectively, at 523 K. Xenon-129 NMR proves to be a powerful tool for probing adsorbed guest distribution in zeolites, allowing relative time scales to be established for transport of molecular guests in NaY powders.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 443-448 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is presented for the analysis of a reaction between a porous solid and a gaseous reactant where the kinetic expression is linear in the concentration and where appreciable concentration gradients are established in the pore system as a result of diffusive transport rate. Two cases are treated mathematically: a single cylindrical pore initially of uniform diameter and a porous solid initially containing uniform cylindrical pores with random intersections. The mathematical solutions to the latter case are used to interpret the experimental results reported in the literature on the gasification of graphite rods with carbon dioxide. Values of the computed effective diffusivity are an order of magnitude smaller than the bulk diffusivity at the same temperature and pressure.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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