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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photopolymerization studies: I. Polymers from new photoredox catalyst systemPresented at the SPE First Technical Conference on Photopolymers, Ellenville, N. Y., November 5-7, 1967. (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 40-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new photoredox catalyst is described wherein a phenothiazine dye in its excited state oxidizes a catalyst to a free radical. This free radical efficiently initiates the polymerization of metal acrylates giving rise to polymers which are insoluble in the monomer-containing medium. The polymers precipitate as insoluble colloidal particles. Optical transmission measurements are used to follow the polymerization and to calculate the number and size of the polymer particles. The effect of various factors such as the nature of the catalyst and the photooxidant, the pH and the temperature of the medium on photopolymerization are described. It is indicated that this new system may be useful for rapid photographic imaging and display applications.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in a sparged contactor: Part I. Physical mechanisms and controlling parameters (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies of the air oxidation of aquoeus sodium sulfite solutions were made in simple bubble contacting columns of 3-, 4-, and 6-in. diameter. Superficial gas rates up to 300 lb./hr.-sq.ft. were used. Contacting action is described in detail, and comparisons with air-water data show the marked influence of small, ionic bubbles. Mass transfer and dynamic gas holdup data are presented, and the former are compared with mass transfer data for bubble-cap trays.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness factors in a nonisothermal reaction system (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 636-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogenation rates of ethylene on a copper-magnesium oxide catalyst were measured for fine catalyst particles and ½ in. spherical pellets from 60° to 160°C. Experimental effectiveness factors for this exothermic reaction system ranged from 0.2 to 25, depending upon the temperature and density of the catalyst pellets. The activation energy for the particles was 11,800 cal./g. mole (above 120°C.), while E for the pellets decreased to zero at high temperatures. Reasons for this behavior are discussed.The effective thermal conductivity of the catalyst pellets was measured as a function of density and the effective diffusivity was estimated from pore size and pore volume measurements. In principle this information and the rate data for the particles are sufficient to predict effectiveness factors for the pellets. However available prediction methods are based upon first or second order rate equations which do not fit the ethylene hydrogenation reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of the Geddes fractionation index to crude distillation units (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The degree of separation effected by a fractionator can be measured by a fractionation index n. The index is the equivalent number of theoretical plates, operating at total reflux, which would effect the same component separation as the fractionator.The value of the fractionation index is readily calculated from the Fenske-Underwood equation when component analyses of the feed and products are available.In the case of crude oils, the number of components is so great that resolution in the laboratory is not practicable, and the feed and products are customarily analyzed by high efficiency laboratory fractionators which give their true boiling point characteristics. In this form, the data have been broken down into short fractions which have then been treated as pseudo components in subsequent column calculations.This paper presents a method for treating the product TBP curves as algebraic functions without the necessity for breaking the feed TBP data into arbitrary short fractions. The fractionation index can be derived directly from product TBP data, or the TBP data can be calculated when the fractionation index is known.Data from performance tests on three commercial units have been analyzed. The TBP distillation analyses of the crude oils and the products enabled the fractionation indices pertaining to each section of the fractionators to be evaluated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical studies of polymer deformation part I: A New deformation calorimeter (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 250-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to describe a new deformation calorimeter, which is based on differential thermometry and uses a flowing gas stream as a heat transfer medium which allows it to operate under near-isothermal conditions. Also presented are some preliminary test measurements with a crosslinked polyurethane elastomer and crystalline polybutene-1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nuclear radiation on the thermal conductivity of polyethyleneSupported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the National Science Foundation. (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal conductivity curves for the 0°C to 170°C temperature region are presented for six irradiated low density polyethylene samples (radiation doses from 0 to 3100 megarads) and one irradiated high density sample (120 megarad dose). In agreement with data in the literature for unirradiated polyethylene, the thermal conductivity values for lightly irradiated polyethylene are found to decrease with increasing temperature in the elevated temperature region where the crystallites begin to melt. Beyond the crystalline melting point, test results for lightly irradiated and crosslinked samples indicate that the thermal conductivity is almost independent of temperature. Although radiation doses of less than 250 megarads produce only small changes in the thermal conductivity, higher radiation doses result in a significant lowering of the conductivity in the room temperature region and an increase of the conductivity at temperatures above the melting point. The decrease in conductivity at low temperatures is considered to be a result of disordering of the crystallites by the radiation, and the increase above the melting point is attributed primarily to radiation induced crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependent crystallinity of polybutene-1 (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Isotactic Polybutene-1 can exist in 4 different crystalline phases of varying stability of which two are of greatest importance because they are involved in solidification from the melt initially, the melt cools into an unstable crystalline phase which gradually and spontaneously transforms into a stable, stronger, stiffer, more crystalline phase over a period of days. Rate of development of mechanical properties depends on crystallinity which depends on rate of phase change. However, optical properties develop in an unusual and irregualr way that is significantly affected by external factors, suxh as pressure, temperature, fillers nucleation and geometry.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Designing against fracture in brittle plastics (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 130-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fracture toughness of a variety of sharply notched tension, bending and rotating disc specimens of PMMA is examined using linear fracture mechanics. It is observed that rapid fracture with a brittle glassy appearance usually follows a period of slow crack growth, denoted by fan shaped markings of local ductility, though still brittle overall. In this near brittle regime the fracture toughness is sensitive to strain rate so that high values of effective surface energy are easily induced by rapid testing or notch bluntness. At impact rates the toughness increases again. For design purposes, in the absence of environmental effects, the onset of slow cracking and rapid (glassy) fracture, can be associated with fracture toughness K1c of about 800 Ibf/in3/2 (90 kg/cm3/2) and 1600 Ibf/in3/2 (180 kg/cm3/2) respectively. Detailed studies have not been made on other materials but a guide to the levels of notch toughness and notch brittle temperatures are given for several plastics.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azelaaldehydic acid ester-acetal derivatives as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride)Presented at the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, 145th Meeting, American Chemcial Society, New York, New York. (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 60-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Certain ester-acetal derivatives of azelaaldehydic acid have been evaluated as a new type of plasticizer of PVC. In gerneral, these compouonds have high compatibility and impart excellent low-temperature, mechanical, heat- and light -stability properties to the plasticized PVC. The 2-ethylihexyl ester bis (2-methoxyethyl) acetal, in particular, appeared to have the best combination of properties for a useful plasticizer. The results indicate that a unique and useful type of plasticizer-stabilizer can be obtained from derivatives of azelaaldehydic acid.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexural fatigue of glass-reinforced thermoplastics (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fatigue failure of thermoplastics and glass-reinforced thermoplastics is a function of cyclic stress or deflection level, test frequency, viscoelastic polymer parameters and matrix-to-fiber stress transfer. This paper reports an investigation of the modes of high frequency fatigue failure in glass-reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics. In particular the effects and control of dissipative heating of a working specimen and the role of efficient matrix-to-fiber stress transfer are considered. A test procedure with which the severity of dissipative heating can be continuously followed and controlled during an accelerated fatigue test is described.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090505
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