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  • Chemical Engineering  (5)
  • Nucleic acid structure, Phsyical and Biochemical Characterisation of DNA  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas-solids circulating fluidized beds have been successfully used in catalytic cracking of heavy oil, coal combustion, and some metallurgical and physical processes (Grace, 1990). Gas-liquid-solids fluidized beds are operated mainly in conventional fluidization regimes without solids circulation or in the transport regime with low solids holdups (less than 5%) (Fan, 1989). A circulating/fast fluidization regime, however, has not been studied. A three-phase circulating fluidized bed has several potential applications in biochemical and chemical processes. Three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors generally use light and small particles (Berk et al., 1984). Circulating operation can promote solids mixing and increase product throughput per unit bed cross section, while high shear stress can promote biofilm renewal (Pirozzi et al., 1990). In three-phase hydrotreating reactors, solids catalysts lose their activity due to the deposit of metal and coke on the surface. Circulating operation not only regenerates deactivated catalyst continuously using accompanying downcomers but also transfers heat to and from the reactor. This article discusses the flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of flow regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 955-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360619
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of mechanical properties of short kevlar fiber-nylon-6,6 composites (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 64-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Injection molded short Kevlar (DuPont) fiber/nylon-6,6 composites have been studied. Fiber length and length distribution were measured as a function of processing variables. Critical fiber length was measured by an embedded single-fiber method. Tensile modulus of the molded composites was predicted by an adapted classical lamination analogy. Fiber and matrix orientation factors, derived from X-ray diffraction, were introduced to modify Kelly Tyson equation to estimate the composite tensile strength. It has been found that fiber length is dramatically shortened by the injection molding process, and is affected by processing conditions. Predictions gave reasonable agreement with data for tensile modulus and strength.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nylon/Kevlar composites. I: Mechanical propertiesParts of this work have been presented at IUPAC MACRO '90. (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1222-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper deals with the characterization of the mechanical properties of Kevlar/nylon composites. It has been shown that addition of up to 5 % Kevlar to nylon matrices (nylon-6, nylon- 11, and nylon-6,6) is possible by melt blending, and results in improved mechanical properties as compared to the pure matrix. In order to increase the interfacial adhesion of the fibers and the matrix, various chemical treatments were performed on the fibers: surface hydrolysis, succinyl chloride reactions and suberoyl chloride reactions. These were shown to affect significantly the mechanical properties, and depending on the treatment Of the fiber, improvement or deterioration of the mechanical properties could be observed. The effect of humidity has also been investigated, and it was shown that the addition of Kevlar greatly reduced the susceptibility of the tensile modulus to humidity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311611
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nylon/Kevlar composites. II: Investigation of interfacesParts of this work have been presented at the IUPAC MACRO '90. (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1228-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aim of this article was the investigation of the fiber-matrix interface of nylon/Kevlar composites. Both washed fibers and chemically treated fibers were used as reinforcements for nylon-6 and nylon-l1. Improvements of the mechanical properties were related to the increase in the nucleating abilities of the fibers, which was modified considerably by chemical treatments. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the interface between the matrix and the fibers. The chemical treatments performed on the Kevlar fibers were found to affect the size of the transcrystalline zone and its crystal structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311612
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  • 6
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    Exploded view of higher order G-quadruplex structures through click-chemistry assisted single-molecule mechanical unfolding (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: Due to the long-range nature of high-order interactions between distal components in a biomolecule, transition dynamics of tertiary structures is often too complex to profile using conventional methods. Inspired by the exploded view in mechanical drawing, here, we used laser tweezers to mechanically dissect high-order DNA structures into two constituting G-quadruplexes in the promoter of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Assisted with click-chemistry coupling, we sandwiched one G-quadruplex with two dsDNA handles while leaving the other unit free. Mechanical unfolding through these handles revealed transition dynamics of the targeted quadruplex in a native environment, which is named as native mechanical segmentation (NMS). Comparison between unfolding of an NMS construct and that of truncated G-quadruplex constructs revealed a quadruplex–quadruplex interaction with 2 kcal/mol stabilization energy. After mechanically targeting the two G-quadruplexes together, the same interaction was observed during the first unfolding step. The unfolding then proceeded through disrupting the weaker G-quadruplex at the 5'-end, followed by the stronger G-quadruplex at the 3'-end via various intermediates. Such a pecking order in unfolding well reflects the hierarchical nature of nucleic acid structures. With surgery-like precisions, we anticipate this NMS approach offers unprecedented perspective to decipher dynamic transitions in complex biomacromolecules.
    Keywords: Nucleic acid structure, Phsyical and Biochemical Characterisation of DNA
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Specific recognition of guanines in non-duplex regions of nucleic acids with potassium tungstate and hydrogen peroxide (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-10
    Description: Structural features of nucleic acids have become an integral part of current biomedical research. Highly selective and readily performed methods with little toxicity that target guanosines in non-duplex nucleic acids are needed, which led us to search for an effective agent for guanosine sequencing. Treatment of DNA or RNA with potassium tungstate and hydrogen peroxide produced damaged guanosines in DNA or RNA sequences. The damaged guanosines in non-duplex DNA could be cleaved by hot piperidine. Similarly, damaged guanosines in non-duplex RNA could be cleaved by aniline acetate. We could identify structural features of nucleic acid using this strategy instead of dimethyl sulphate and Ribonuclease T1.
    Keywords: Nucleic acid structure, Phsyical and Biochemical Characterisation of DNA
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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