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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic approach for polymer solution data (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The phenomenological theory previously prsented for describing the rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials was applied to two polymer solution systems. The basic shear diagram is needed over a wide range of shear rates and polymer concentrations, and such data are not readily available; however, what could be found supported the analysis. In order to confirm the theory further, ten solutions of polymethylmetacrylate in diethyphthalate with concentrations up to 55% were investigated at 40°C. The results indicated that the forward and reverse orders were 1 and 2 respectively and that the two parameters of the theory (a susceptibility to shear term and an equilibrium type of constant) were constant over the range of concentrations investigated. The flow data were reproduced to within a few percent for all solutions, although the errors were large for the very dilute concentration, where experimental difficulties precluded obtaining reliable data. The method allows correlation of polymer solution data over the range from lower to upper Newtonian viscosities and over a wide concentration range.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy of hydrogen-containing hydrocarbon liquids (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 833-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The partial enthalpy of dissolved hydrogen in hydrocarbon liquids is derived from the fugacity correlation of Sebastian et al. and the results are presented in general equations. The partial enthalpy of the hydrocarbon solvent is found to be changed only insignificantly by the dissolved hydrogen from that of the pure liquid at the experimental conditions of up to 30 MPa in pressure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between higher-order data array configurations and problem formulations in multivariate data analysis (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 33-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Higher-order data arrays ; Dimensionality ; Data modelling ; Classification ; Discrimination ; Correlation ; Regression ; Systematics of data analysis ; Opportunities for future developments ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A scaffold for detailed understanding of the concept ‘dimensionality’ in data analysis is furnished by a systematic classification of higher-order data array configurations. Three major types of problem formulation in multivariate data analysis can be characterized for relevant data classes: 1data description (intra-class data structure modelling of inter-object and inter-variable relationships)2classification (inter-class discrimination)3correlation, regression (inter-variable relationships).The relationship between these three categories of data analytical problem formulation and the fundamental data array classification is exposed. These relations are augmented to include the general case of data arrays of order R, and R-way data analysis with the use of bilinear projections is presented. Based upon this, some possible directions for the future development of data analysis may be imagined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A second generation high performance screw for low extrusion temperature rigid PVC profile compounds (1985)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 7 (1985), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The melting and extrusion behavior of low shear rigid PVC profile compounds such as Geon 8700A were investigated in order to answer the fundamental question as to why the output rate of this type of compound is relatively low compared to other types of PVC compound. Typically, the extrusion rate of Geon 8700A is less than half those achieveable on other PVC compounds. A part of the reason is that the extrusion melt temperature of Geon 8700A has to be kept below 360°F in order to preserve primary PVC particles in extrudates and to maintain smooth extrudate surfaces.The study showed that Geon 8700A follows an entirely different melting mechanism in extrusion - quite opposite to the one previously accepted. Geon 8700A undergoes the melting mechanism observed by Menges, et al. due mainly to its nonwetting characteristic on the barrel surface while most other PVC compounds follow the mechanism described by Tadmor. The difference between the two mechanisms lies in the location of the melt pool formation - the Tadmor model in the pushing side of the screw flight and the Menges in the opposite leading side of the screw flight. Extruding Geon 8700A on screws - notably 2-channel screws - optimized for the different Tadmor model is one of the major reasons for such a poor performance with this compound.A new dual pitch deep channel screw has been developed. It is optimized for the melting mechanism of Geon 8700A, resulting in a dramatic improvement in both output rates and extrudate quality. Rates of 350 pounds/hour at 350°F and 400 pounds/hour at 363°F have been achieved on the 3-1/2 inch extruder, whereas 150 to 200 pounds/hour at 350°F is common with the standard screws. This new screw technology, with its high output rate and superior extrudate quality capability, makes the extrusion of cube compounds on single screw extruders competitive with powder extrusion on multi-screw extruders.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730070107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural analysis of hydroxy fatty acids by thermospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 302-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry provides a sensitive and convenient technique for the structural analysis of oxygenated polyunsaturates. Analysis of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives in the negative ion mode under the filament- or discharge-on condition generated abundant [M - PFB]- ions. These ions were further fragmented by collision with argon and detected in the negative ion mode. The negative ion fragmentation pattern was examined for various oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acid standards as well as their deuterated and/or hydrogenated forms. Characteristic fragmentation occurs at the oxygenated C—C bonds, allowing unambiguous determination of the sites of oxygenation. The sample amount required is typically in the low tens of nanogram range. Using this method the structures of epoxy, hydroxy derivatives of 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6w3) formed by soybean lipoxygenase were determined. They were 13-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy-22:5w3 and 15-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy-22:5w3.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200220506
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the variables affecting pressure drop and temperature rise in blow molding dies (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 372-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extrusion head systems for both pipe and blow molding were analyzed theoretically and relationships derived between pressure drop and temperature rise for various materials at different flow rates and die restrictions.Because of the complexity of the geometry involved, the die was segmented into several sections axially and momentum and energy equations for these sections were solved with the help of IBM 360. The floating boundary conditions were used in order to take into account the nature of the flow phenomenon involved.To complement and support this theoretical work, rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bottle compounds were used to obtain extrusion data on a 3½ inch extruder with several different die sizes. A good agreement was found between the predicted versus experimental data. Results showed that temperature rise in the die systems in significant and that neglecting it would result in a gross error in the calculated pressure drop.Based on this work, a simplified version of the theoretical equation was developed to serve as an engineering tool in estimating pressure drop and stock temperature for a given material where extreme accuracy is not essential. Results of the engineering equation which contains several empirical constants correlate well with the data and support the theoretical effort.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unnotched impact bend test assessment of the degree of gelation in unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) pipe (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is suggested that the unnotched impact test is suitable for quantitative quality control of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) pipe. The relative level of processing is assessed by the probability that failure is nucleated at a surface flaw. Tests show that this assessment is very sensitive to the level of processing.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760270407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature profiles for polymer melts in tube flow. Part II. Conduction and shear heating corrections (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A temperature probe system to measure radial temperature profile of polymer flowing in a rod die and a method to systematically correct the conduction and the frictional shear effects were developed. Experimental data obtained on a 1-1/2-inch extruder using a blow molding compound show that both conduction and frictional shear heating effects are significant in melt temperature measurement and that the radial temperature profiles of the melt in the rod die are influenced by the RPM of the screw and the die-wall temperature.The reliability of the temperature data obtained was compared with the solution obtained from the equations of motion and energy. A good agreement between the predicted versus experimental temperature profile exists. For this polymer system, the relationship between local Nusselt number and the velocity parameter could be adequately described with the theory of Van LeeuWen.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact modification of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers by methyl methacrylate grafted rubbers (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1373-1381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Monodisperse methyl methacrylate grafted latex rubber (MMA-g) particles (0.12-0.13 µm) have been used for the impact toughening of a series of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers of varied AN content. It was found that the MMA-g particles are most effective in toughening SANs containing about 25 to 34% AN. Mechanical properties, interphase adhesion, mechanical dilatometry, and phase morphology by transmission electron microscopy were determined on blends containing 20-30% rubber. Also, the miscibility range of SANs and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) graft was considered in attempting to analyze the relationships between the mechanical properties and the characteristic features of the blends. Issues relating the impact strength and deformation mechanisms, interphase adhesion, and particle morphology are discussed. It appears that the high impact strength of some of the blends may be caused primarily by certain morphological features such as particle clustering or small interparticle distances. Thus, craze initiation, shear yielding, and significant matrix deformation may all contribute to the overall ductility of the blend.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectra of tetramethylammonium-trimethylammonium mixed ion vermiculite clay intercalation compounds (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The composition dependence of the Raman spectra of the mixed ion vermiculites [(CH3)4N+]1-x [(CH3)3NH+]x-V (V = vermiculite) have been studied in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. The torsional mode frequencies exhibit a small shift (ca. 2 cm-1) to lower energy with increasing x and their composition dependence is distinct from that shown by the corresponding modes of Cs1-xRbx-V. These differences are attributed to a variation of the guest-host force constants and in particular to the interactions between the guest ions and the basal oxygens, which depend strongly on the size difference,ΔD, between the guest ion pairs. Using a van der Waals-type force model and the nearest neighbor approximation, the torsional mode frequencies of the pure end-member compounds of the two mixed ion systems discussed above have been successfully accounted for.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250210207
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