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  • 1
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Peak nucleate boiling fluxes for liquid oxygen near 1 atm, have been measured on a 0.75-in.-diameter flat polished horizontal platinum surface located in a known, variable magnetic-field gradient that produced steady acceleration (which could be maintained indefinitely) on the oxygen acting in opposition to the earth's gravitation, gE. Measurements were made under condition ranging from net negative (directed away from the heated surface) accelerations of -0.03gE acting on the bulk liquid to the normal accelerations, 1.0gE. The results indicate that at zero g conditions for the bulk liquid, the peak nucleate boiling flux is ∼0.55 of the value at 1.0gE. For bulk-liquid accelerations ranging from ∼0.25 to 1gE, the experimental results confirm the ¼ power dependence of peak flux on acceleration as predicted by various correlations. However, below 0.25gE the peak flux becomes insensitive to the acceleration, varying approximately in proportion to the 1/14 power of the net acceleration. At bulk-liquid conditions of zero g (±0.005gE) the peak plux breaks sharply and falls by a factor of 10 between zero g and -0.03gE (for this apparatus).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 691-698 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the bulk polymerization of styrene by azobisisobutyronitrile in a tubular reactor was made. Rigorous models were developed and verified. A diffusion model gave predictions of molecular weights and conversions that were 2% higher on the average than the experimental values. Another model, a plug flow contraction of the diffusion model, predicted molecular weights and conversions that were 6% higher on the average than the experimental values.The diffusion model showed that optimal conversions could be obtained by proper reactor operation. Tentative studies for optimal conversion with minimal molecular weight dispersion indicated the reactor should be operated at a wall temperature 5° to 10°C below that required for optimal conversion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 686-691 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental analysis of the bulk polymerization of styrene initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out in a tubular reactor.The experiments performed in a 2.362-cm I.D., 6-meter long jacketed reactor showed that: (1) it was feasible for a tubular reactor to produce acceptable quality polystyrene for industrial purposes; (2) the quality of the polymer product was reproducible at any time; (3) it was technically feasible for the tubular reactor to replace the stirred-batch kettles as the preliminary stage in the polystyrene manufacturing process, and (4) radial temperature gradients were not a problem for reactor operation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 854-858 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Craze initiation and growth in the poly(methyl methacrylate)/acetone and polystyrene/methanol systems was studied using photographic and acoustic emission techniques. The poly(methyl methacrylate) system was the only one that produced detectable acoustic emission; however, it was found that craze initiation occurs predominantly in the first half of a sample's lifetime while acoustic emission is detected predominantly in the second half. The detected acoustic emission in the poly(methyl methacrylate) system is believed to be due to the rupture of craze fibrils. Craze initiation in both polymer systems was found to be dependent on stress and time with higher stresses initiating more crazes at earlier times. Although the craze growth rate in both systems exhibited extreme variability, the average growth rate tended to increase with craze size and applied stress. In the poly(methyl methacrylate) system, craze velocity was independent of time but in the polystyrene system it decreased with time. None of the existing craze growth theories were capable of explaining these results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1366-1371 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For relatively soft polymer coatings on soda-lime glass substrates the indentation load increases substantially when the indenter penetrates into the glass substrate since the glass can now directly support some of the indenter load. A model for the indentation load-depth behavior is developed by accounting for the indentation load shared by the coating and substrate. This model accounts for the additional load supported by the coating due to the pile-up of coating material underneath the indenter. The model predicts the indentation behavior as a function of coating and substrate hardnesses and coating thickness. Comparison of the model to experimental data for a wide range of polymer coatings (two epoxies, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate) on soda-lime glass substrates shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1372-1378 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer coatings are widely used to protect glass from indentation damage. A model for the strength degradation that occurs when a sharp indenter penetrates through the coating is developed by accounting for the indentation load shared by the coating and substrate. This model accounts for the additional load supported by the coating due to the pile-up of coating material underneath the indenter. The model predicts the strength degradation as a function of indentation load, coating and substrate hardnesses, and coating thickness. Comparison of the model to experimental data for a wide range of polymer coatings (two epoxies, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate) on soda-lime glass substrates shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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