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  • Chemical Engineering  (47)
  • 1970-1974  (47)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1972  (47)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial instability and spontaneous formation of microemulsions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1116-1120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microemulsions, which are optically transparent oil-water dispersions, were spontaneously produced upon mixing hexadecane, hexanol, potassium oleate, and water in specific proportions. The drop-volume measurements of hexadecane-water interface in the presence of hexanol or potassium oleate revealed that these surfactants decrease the interracial tension of the hexadecane/water interface. It is proposed that the interaction between these two emulsifiers at the oil-water interface causes spontaneous negative interfaical tension resulting in interfacial instability and the formation of microemulsions.As the amount of water is increased, the microemulsion exhibits a clear to turbid to clear transition. Unlike the clear regions, the turbid region possesses birefringence. The development of birefringence is also accompanied by a sharp decrease in electrical resistance. High-resolution (220 Mc) nuclear magnetic resonance data suggest that water exists in two distinct environments or structures in the birefringent region. The electrical, birefringence, and nuclear magnetic resonance data agree with the proposed mechanism of phase-inversion of microemulsions, which can be described as water spheres to water cylinders to water lamellae to a continuous water phase. The spontaneous formation of such structures (for example, water cylinders and lamellae) presumably depends upon the phase-volume ratio and the interfacial tension at the oil-water interface.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180605
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of time-delay systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 380-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A direct method is presented for determining both local and regional stability of systems described by nonlinear differential-difference equations. Prediction of stability is with respect to a general class of initial curves. The practical as well as the conservative nature of the procedure is demonstrated by a numerical example.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180221
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation kinetics of the potassium sulfate-water system (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 798-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Secondary nucleation in the potassium sulfate-water system occurs by micro-attrition processes over the entire 1.3-26 μ size range of this study. Experimental nucleation rates were correlated with power-law kinetics expressions in terms of supersaturation, the fourth moment of the parent seed-crystal distribution, and stirring rate. Such kinetics expressions are similar to those used to correlate MSMPR data; however, the secondary nucleation rates of this paper are two orders of magnitude greater than those reported in previous MSMPR studies of the same system. An upper bound on growth rate of these nuclei was calculated based on a population balance analysis; maximum growth rates of these nuclei was markedly size-dependent in the 1.3-26 micron size range of measurement, decreasing with decreasing size. The apparent descrepancy between these nucleation rates and MSMPR values can be explained by nuclei washout during the low growth rate period. Anomalous MSMPR kinetics (low or even negative supersaturation power-law dependence) can be explained by this growth phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180423
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyisocyanurate foams (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental program was conducted to study the thermochemical and flammability characteristics of an improved polyisocyanurate foam, uncoated and coated either with fluorinated copolymer or an intumescent material. Testing methods included thermal analysis; scanning electron microscopy; infrared photography; infrared spectroscopy; HLT-15, ASTM D-1692, Bureau of Mines Penetration, and XP-2 smoke chamber flammability tests; limiting oxygen index (LOI); and a moderate-scale fire simulation test. The uncoated and coated foams were found to have excellent flammability and insulation characteristics, although smoke development was substantial.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1283-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180650
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicomponent mass transfer in turbulent flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general treatment of entry region multicomponent mass transfer between a fully developed turbulent flow and a smooth pipe wall has been developed from a basis first derived by Toor.The couled multicomponent equations were reduced to an equivalent binary system by the method of undetermined constants. Numerical solutions for a forced convection, binary diffusion system involving gas-phase, nonequimolal diffusion were applied to a ternary system. These solutions have been found to compare well with these authors entry region mass transfer data on a ternary acetone-methonal-air mixture and with the earlier analogy theories derived for the case of an infinitely long test section.We conclude that there is a significant interaction in some multicomponent systems, enough that the binary theory can not be satisfactorily applied in the design of multicomponent mass transfer systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    II. Prediction of component fugacities and related properties of mixtures (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer program based on the theory of Part I is developed for calculating equilibrium ratios and related thermodynamic properties of mixtures, and a variety of data are used to test the method. For the carbon dioxide-n-butane system both liquid and gaseous compressibility factors are predicted with an average absolute deviation from experimental values of 1.3% for a wide range of conditions. A maximum deviation of 5.4% occurs in the critical region. Derivative properties such as component fugacities and equilibium ratios show somewhat larger deviations as expected. For the same system average deviations are 2.7% for carbon dioxide fugacities, 2.6% for n-butane fugacities, and 3.3% for carbon dioxide and n-butane equilibrium ratios. Average deviation for predicted equilibrium ratios for eight binary systems and 574 data points is 4.6%. Equilibrium ratios for two ternary systems are also predicted accurately. The major advantage of the method, however, is the small or negligible amount of experimental mixture data required. The method has not been tested below a mixture reduced temperature of 0.8, the lower limit of the Pitzer tables. Without density corrections to the scaling parameters best results are obtained if all binary pairs in a mixture fall within range 0.25 〈VCj TCj/VCi TCi 〈 4.0.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180135
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corresponding states: I. Theoretical development for mixtures (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Part I of this work develops a corresponding states theory for fluid mixtures. A greater predictive capability for the thermodynamic properties of mixtures is achieved through three developments: 1. The theretical validity of the pseudocritical method is established. 2. The theory is founded on well-defined assumptions. 3. The composition dependence of the scaling parameters (pseudocritical constants) is developed from rigorus mixing rules. Implementation of the new method is discussed in Part II.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180134
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent diffusion in the core of a pipe with uniform transverse flow at the walls (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 194-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of point source turbulent diffusion of a gaseous tracer in the core of a circular straight porous pipe with uniform transverse flow at the walls is presented. Time averaged concentration distributions were measured at four distances downstream from a point source located at the axis of a fully developed turbulent flow of air in a 6-in. pipe. Experiments were run at average velocities between 4.36 and 23.0 ft./sec. (corresponding to Reynolds numbers 12,000 to 66,000) with injection velocities ranging from 0 to 0.170 ft./sec. and suction velocities from 0 to 0.048 ft./sec. The highest injection rate corresponded to 58% by volume of the main stream. Good agreement is obtained between the expeimental and the calculated concentration profiles.The present study shows that the plume width of the disperising tracer is considerably affected by the transverse flow. It also shows that the eddy diffusivity in the pipe core and the radial mass flux increase with fluid injection and decrease with suction through the pipe walls. Also, for increasing values of aspect ratio, they increase in the case of injection and decrease in the case of fluid suction.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180136
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt effects in vapor-liquid equilibrium: Testing the thermodynamic consistency of ethanol-water saturated with inorganic salts (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semi-empirical test for the thermodynamic consistency of isobaric liquid-vapor equilibrium data for ethanol-water saturated with a salt is proposed. The test is based upon an adaptation of the Herington method (1) in which the ternary system is treated as a special binary. The test is applied both to full concentration range data and to data which are incomplete at the high alcohol end. For data which are incomplete at the high water end, a less severe test is employed.Literature data for 23 systems composed of ethanol, water, and an inorganic salt at saturation were tested. By the criterion of the proposed test, fourteen were deemed consistent, six were borderline, and three were pronounced inconsistent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180216
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