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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line control of a semibatch emulsion polymerization reactor based on calorimetry (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1069-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this work, on-line calorimetry was used to estimate the conversion and the copolymer composition in emulsion polymerization systems. Real-time feedback control of the polymer composition during the semibatch emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate was carried out. Both homogeneous copolymers and copolymers with previous defined composition profiles were obtained. It was shown that the feedback control was able to avoid monomer accumulation in the reactor, and hence potentially dangerous thermal runaways, without any deleterious effect on the polymer composition, when a sudden inhibition was caused by deliberately adding a solution of hydroquinone. The use of feedback control for the maximization of the production rate under safe conditions in the unseeded emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and VeoVa10 (an alkyl vinyl ester from Shell) is also presented.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430420
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pressure dependence of permeation constants (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 1030-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120541
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary mixture of monostearin-distearin monolayers at the air-water interface (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1955-1963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of mixed films has become of considerable interest both from theoretical and practical points of view. The π-A isotherms of monostearin-distearin (about 50% 1,3- and 50% 1,2-isomers) mixed films spread on water as a function of emulsifier ratio and temperature were studied in an automated Langmuir-type film balance. When molecules of both emulsifiers are spread on the air-water interface they are packed more closely together than when either emulsifier is present alone, and they enter into some form of association. This association can be demonstrated by surface pressure-area isotherms and by thermodynamic studies. The characteristics of the mixed films, their elasticity and miscibility, which are of interest in emulsion or foam stability are discussed. A molecular model established can explain the interactions between film and subphase molecules and their relationships with variables of the process (pressure and temperature). This model fits the calculated thermodynamic parameters.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410812
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of phenanthrene from toluene with carbon dioxide by the GAS process (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 431-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The crystallization of phenanthrene from toluene with carbon dioxide as the antisolvent gas is described. In the GAS process, a pressurized gas is dissolved into a liquid solvent, where it causes a volumetric expansion and lowers the solubility of the solute. Theoretical models are presented for the liquid-phase expansion and the solubility as a function of pressure and temperature. The Nývlt theory for batch crystallization is adapted to predict the pressure profile in the crystallizer needed to maintain a constant supersaturation and growth rate. Generation of seeds is accomplished via a pressure pulse at the saturation pressure. The average particle size of the phenanthrene could be varied from 160 to 540 μm. Creation of seeds doubles the particle size and reduces the coefficient of variation significantly. The residual amount of toluene in the crystals without treatment is approximately 70 ppm. The particles are agglomerates of phenanthrene crystals.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble shapes in nucleate boiling (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 344-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An attempt is made to explain the differently shaped bubbles observed growing on a surface during nucleate boiling of water. Some of the bubbles photographed were very close to the spherical shape, while others were close to the hemispherical. Also, a number of bubbles had intermediate shapes and were called oblate bubbles.Measurements of bubble dimensions and growth rates obtained from high-speed films were analyzed. By using a modified Rayleigh equation, the relative importance of the inertial and surface tension forces was computed. it appeared that the differences in shapes among bubbles can be explained on the basis of the relative importance of these forces.It was found that for spherical bubbles inertial forces are small because of the slow growth rate and surface tension is clearly the dominant force. For hemispherical bubbles, however, the fast growth rate causes a very large inertial force which is greater than surface tension. For the oblate bubbles neither of the forces was found to be dominate and inertia as well as surface tension determines the shape.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic modeling of concentrated aqueous electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1563-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new approach is presented for calculation of activity coefficients in aqueous electrolyte solutions. This approach requires only standard thermodynamic properties for the pure components and for the solutes at infinite dilution. No adjustable mixture parameters are necessary. This new procedure has been applied to calculate: (1) the solubility of salts and the activity of water in binary aqueous solutions; (2) the temperature dependence of the solubility of salts; (3) the azeotropic composition of a system containing a volatile electrolyte, (H2—HNO3); (4) the solubility of carbon dioxide in water at elevated pressures and at different temperatures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410620
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble driven fluid circulations (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bubble driven fluid circulations are present in bubble columns, gas lifts, pool boiling, etc. Their mechanism is shown to be quite similar to the mechanism of natural covection but with much larger driving forces. These circulations are stable in many baffled systems but unstable and rapidly changing in size, shape, and orientation in unbaffled systems. The effect of these circulations in bubble columns is to lower holdup and vapor residence time, thus decreasing the mass transfer efficiency of the column.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate data and derivatives (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 1110-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In most rate process problems, the original experimental data must be differentiated to obtain the derivatives, which are the information actually sought. For first derivatives all the commonly used methods give about the same result. However, the common methods of calculating derivatives can give very different second derivatives for the same set of starting data. Thus, in problems in which the desired result is a second derivative, the answer obtained is a strong function of the method used to calculate second derivatives. This is illustrated by several examples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120614
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy balance for a bubble column or a gas lift (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 387-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130234
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the effect of sample size on the analysis of power mixtures (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the greatest difficulties in the analysis of mixing operations for powders is that of specifying the degree of mixedness in a quantitative manner. This problem is studied for on idealized model. A precise index of the degree of mixing is found for this model, which holds promise of being useful for real mixtures. It is shown that samples of a single size provide all the necessary information. The effect of sample size is defined quantitatively, and a minimum sample size is recommended.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140129
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