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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: The human neocortex has numerous specialized functional areas whose formation is poorly understood. Here, we describe a 15-base pair deletion mutation in a regulatory element of GPR56 that selectively disrupts human cortex surrounding the Sylvian fissure bilaterally including "Broca's area," the primary language area, by disrupting regional GPR56 expression and blocking RFX transcription factor binding. GPR56 encodes a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor required for normal cortical development and is expressed in cortical progenitor cells. GPR56 expression levels regulate progenitor proliferation. GPR56 splice forms are highly variable between mice and humans, and the regulatory element of gyrencephalic mammals directs restricted lateral cortical expression. Our data reveal a mechanism by which control of GPR56 expression pattern by multiple alternative promoters can influence stem cell proliferation, gyral patterning, and, potentially, neocortex evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480613/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480613/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bae, Byoung-Il -- Tietjen, Ian -- Atabay, Kutay D -- Evrony, Gilad D -- Johnson, Matthew B -- Asare, Ebenezer -- Wang, Peter P -- Murayama, Ayako Y -- Im, Kiho -- Lisgo, Steven N -- Overman, Lynne -- Sestan, Nenad -- Chang, Bernard S -- Barkovich, A James -- Grant, P Ellen -- Topcu, Meral -- Politsky, Jeffrey -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Piao, Xianhua -- Walsh, Christopher A -- 2R01NS035129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- G0700089/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- GR082557/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HHSN275200900011C/PHS HHS/ -- N01-HD-9-0011/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS035129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):764-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1244392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24531968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Cats ; Cell Proliferation ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/cytology/*embryology ; Codon, Nonsense ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/cytology/embryology ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Pedigree ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*genetics ; Sequence Deletion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor II gene (IGF2) is an epigenetic alteration that results in a modest increase in IGF2 expression, and it is present in the normal colonic mucosa of about 30% of patients with colorectal cancer. To investigate its role in intestinal tumorigenesis, we created a mouse model of Igf2 LOI by crossing female H19+/- mice with male Apc+/Min mice. Mice with LOI developed twice as many intestinal tumors as did control littermates. Notably, these mice also showed a shift toward a less differentiated normal intestinal epithelium, reflected by an increase in crypt length and increased staining with progenitor cell markers. A similar shift in differentiation was seen in the normal colonic mucosa of humans with LOI. Thus, altered maturation of nonneoplastic tissue may be one mechanism by which epigenetic changes affect cancer risk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakatani, Takashi -- Kaneda, Atsushi -- Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A -- Carter, Mark G -- de Boom Witzel, Sten -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Ko, Minoru S H -- Ohlsson, Rolf -- Longo, Dan L -- Feinberg, Andrew P -- K08CA106610/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA65145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1976-8. Epub 2005 Feb 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/etiology/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Colon/cytology/metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms/etiology/pathology ; Enterocytes/*cytology/metabolism ; Ephrin-B1/analysis ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/*genetics/*metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/metabolism ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology ; Intestines/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microfilament Proteins/analysis ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/analysis ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Transcription Factors/analysis ; Twist Transcription Factor
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-04-08
    Description: Regulatory mechanisms governing the sequence from progenitor cell proliferation to neuronal migration during corticogenesis are poorly understood. Here we report that phosphorylation of DISC1, a major susceptibility factor for several mental disorders, acts as a molecular switch from maintaining proliferation of mitotic progenitor cells to activating migration of postmitotic neurons in mice. Unphosphorylated DISC1 regulates canonical Wnt signalling via an interaction with GSK3beta, whereas specific phosphorylation at serine 710 (S710) triggers the recruitment of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins to the centrosome. In support of this model, loss of BBS1 leads to defects in migration, but not proliferation, whereas DISC1 knockdown leads to deficits in both. A phospho-dead mutant can only rescue proliferation, whereas a phospho-mimic mutant rescues exclusively migration defects. These data highlight a dual role for DISC1 in corticogenesis and indicate that phosphorylation of this protein at S710 activates a key developmental switch.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088774/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088774/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishizuka, Koko -- Kamiya, Atsushi -- Oh, Edwin C -- Kanki, Hiroaki -- Seshadri, Saurav -- Robinson, Jon F -- Murdoch, Hannah -- Dunlop, Allan J -- Kubo, Ken-ichiro -- Furukori, Keiko -- Huang, Beverly -- Zeledon, Mariela -- Hayashi-Takagi, Akiko -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Nakajima, Kazunori -- Houslay, Miles D -- Katsanis, Nicholas -- Sawa, Akira -- DK-072301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-075972/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- G0600765/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD-04260/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH-069853/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-084018/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-085226/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-088753/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-091230/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK075972/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK075972-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042601-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091230/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH092443/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 5;473(7345):92-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09859. Epub 2011 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21471969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Cell Movement/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology/physiology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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