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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: Intracellular bacteria and parasites typically invade host cells through the formation of an internalization vacuole around the invading pathogen. Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, have an alternative mechanism to enter cells. We observed breaching of the plasma membrane of the host cell followed by rapid repair. This mode of entry did not result in the formation of a vacuole around the sporozoite, and was followed by exit of the parasite from the host cell. Sporozoites traversed the cytosol of several cells before invading a hepatocyte by formation of a parasitophorous vacuole, in which they developed into the next infective stage. Sporozoite migration through several cells in the mammalian host appears to be essential for the completion of the life cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mota, M M -- Pradel, G -- Vanderberg, J P -- Hafalla, J C -- Frevert, U -- Nussenzweig, R S -- Nussenzweig, V -- Rodriguez, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):141-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/parasitology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Movement ; Cytosol/metabolism/parasitology ; Dextrans/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*parasitology/ultrastructure ; Malaria/parasitology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmodium/physiology ; Plasmodium yoelii/growth & development/*physiology ; Propidium/metabolism ; Toxoplasma/physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vacuoles/parasitology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: A specific DNA probe was used to study the effect of recombinant rat, mouse, and human gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) on the course of sporozoite-induced malaria infections. In mice and rats infected with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei, mouse and rat gamma-IFN's strongly inhibited the development of the exoerythrocytic forms in the liver liver cells of the hosts, but not the development of the erythrocytic stages. The degree of inhibition of the exoerythrocytic forms was proportional to the dose of gamma-IFN administered, but was independent of the number of sporozoites used for challenge. A 30 percent reduction in the development of exoerythrocytic forms in rat liver was achieved when 150 units (about 15 nanograms of protein) of rat gamma-IFN were injected a few hours before sporozoite challenge; the reduction was 90 percent or more with higher doses of gamma-IFN. The effect was less pronounced if the gamma-IFN was administered 18 hours before or a few hours after challenge. Human gamma-IFN also diminished the parasitemia in chimpanzees infected with sporozoites of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. The target of gamma-IFN activity may be the infected hepatocytes themselves, as shown by in vitro experiments in which small doses of the human lymphokine inhibited the development of exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei in a human hepatoma cell line. These results suggest that immunologically induced interferon may be involved in controlling malaria infection under natural conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferreira, A -- Schofield, L -- Enea, V -- Schellekens, H -- van der Meide, P -- Collins, W E -- Nussenzweig, R S -- Nussenzweig, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):881-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3085218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Liver/cytology ; Malaria/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Pan troglodytes ; Plasmodium berghei/drug effects ; Plasmodium vivax/drug effects ; Toxoplasma/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: During B lymphocyte development, antibodies are assembled by random gene segment reassortment to produce a vast number of specificities. A potential disadvantage of this process is that some of the antibodies produced are self-reactive. We determined the prevalence of self-reactive antibody formation and its regulation in human B cells. A majority (55 to 75%) of all antibodies expressed by early immature B cells displayed self-reactivity, including polyreactive and anti-nuclear specificities. Most of these autoantibodies were removed from the population at two discrete checkpoints during B cell development. Inefficient checkpoint regulation would lead to substantial increases in circulating autoantibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardemann, Hedda -- Yurasov, Sergey -- Schaefer, Anne -- Young, James W -- Meffre, Eric -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1374-7. Epub 2003 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Antinuclear/biosynthesis/immunology ; Antibody Diversity ; Antibody Specificity ; Autoantibodies/*biosynthesis/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry/immunology ; Cytosol/immunology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/immunology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1987-11-27
    Description: Decay accelerating factor (DAF) belongs to a novel group of membrane proteins anchored to the cell surface by a glycophospholipid membrane anchor that is covalently attached to the carboxyl terminus of the protein. The last 37 amino acids of membrane DAF, when fused to the carboxyl terminus of a secreted protein, are sufficient to target the fusion protein to the plasma membrane by means of a glycophospholipid anchor. This approach provides a novel means of targeting proteins to the cell-surface membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caras, I W -- Weddell, G N -- Davitz, M A -- Nussenzweig, V -- Martin, D W Jr -- AI-08499/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-23276/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 27;238(4831):1280-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2446389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD55 ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; DNA/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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