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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Description: Spermatozoa undergo a poorly understood activation process induced by bicarbonate and mediated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). It has been assumed that bicarbonate mediates its effects through changes in intracellular pH or membrane potential; however, we demonstrate here that bicarbonate directly stimulates mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity in vivo and in vitro in a pH-independent manner. sAC is most similar to adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, and bicarbonate regulation of cyclase activity is conserved in these early forms of life. sAC is also expressed in other bicarbonate-responsive tissues, which suggests that bicarbonate regulation of cAMP signaling plays a fundamental role in many biological systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Cann, M J -- Litvin, T N -- Iourgenko, V -- Sinclair, M L -- Levin, L R -- Buck, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):625-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cyanobacteria/enzymology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; Sperm Capacitation ; Spermatozoa/enzymology/*metabolism/physiology ; Testis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: Phosphate-methylated DNA hybridizes strongly and specifically to natural DNA and RNA. Hybridization to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA leads to site-selective blocking of replication and transcription. Phosphate-methylated DNA was used to interrupt the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both antisense and sense phosphate-methylated DNA 20-nucleotide oligomers, targeted at the transactivator responsive region and the primer binding site, caused complete inhibition of viral infectivity at a low concentration. Hybridization of phosphate-methylated DNA with folded and unfolded RNA was studied by ultraviolet and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The combined results of hybridization studies and biological experiments suggest that the design of effective antisense phosphate-methylated DNA should focus on hairpin loop structures in the viral RNA. For sense systems, the 5' end of the integrated viral genome is considered to be the important target site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, H M -- Koole, L H -- van Genderen, M H -- Smit, L -- Geelen, J L -- Jurriaans, S -- Goudsmit, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/genetics ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon/genetics ; *DNA Probes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; HIV-1/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Indicators and Reagents ; Methylation ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Thermodynamics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-03-02
    Description: The CD4 receptor on human T cells has been shown to play an integral part in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection process. Recombinant soluble human CD4 (rCD4) was tested for its ability to inhibit SIVagm, an HIV-like virus that naturally infects African green monkeys, in order to define T cell surface receptors critical for SIVagm infection. The rCD4 was found to enhance SIVagm infection of a human T cell line by as much as 18-fold, whereas HIV-1 infection was blocked by rCD4. Induction of syncytium formation and de novo protein synthesis were observed within the first 24 hours after SIVagm infection, whereas this process took 4 to 6 days in the absence of rCD4. This enhancing effect could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies directed to rCD4. The enhancing effect could be abrogated with antibodies from naturally infected African green monkeys with inhibitory titers of from 1:2,000 to 1:10,000; these antibodies did not neutralize SIVagm infection in the absence of rCD4. Viral enhancement of SIVagm infection by rCD4 may result from the modulation of the viral membrane through gp120-CD4 binding, thus facilitating secondary events involved in viral fusion and penetration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allan, J S -- Strauss, J -- Buck, D W -- 1RO1-AI28273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5UO1-AI26462/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1084-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/*physiology ; Autoradiography ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Densitometry ; Humans ; Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Retroviridae Proteins/biosynthesis ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-12-13
    Description: In mammals, retinol is the precursor for retinoids, which affect various aspects of morphogenesis and development. However, B lymphocytes, although retinol-dependent, do not use retinoic acid as mediator. Retinol is metabolized by B lymphocytes and other cell lines to optically active 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol; it is this compound that mediates the growth control. Thus another second messenger molecule, in addition to retinoic acid and retinal, is derived from retinol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, J -- Derguini, F -- Levi, E -- Nakanishi, K -- Hammerling, U -- AI38351/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA49933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 13;254(5038):1654-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1749937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Cell Line ; Growth Substances ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mice ; Retinoids/*chemistry ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Vitamin A/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor are important in the development of cells derived from the neural crest. Mouse L cell transformants have been generated that stably express the human NGF receptor gene transfer with total human DNA. Affinity cross-linking, metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation, and equilibrium binding with 125I-labeled NGF revealed that this NGF receptor had the same size and binding characteristics as the receptor from human melanoma cells and rat PC12 cells. The sequences encoding the NGF receptor were molecularly cloned using the human Alu repetitive sequence as a probe. A cosmid clone that contained the human NGF receptor gene allowed efficient transfection and expression of the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chao, M V -- Bothwell, M A -- Ross, A H -- Koprowski, H -- Lanahan, A A -- Buck, C R -- Sehgal, A -- NS-17551/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-23343-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS21072/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):518-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Humans ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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