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  • 1
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    A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) regulates pigmentation in humans and other vertebrates. Variants of MC1R with reduced function are associated with pale skin color and red hair in humans of primarily European origin. We amplified and sequenced a fragment of the MC1R gene (mc1r) from two Neanderthal remains. Both specimens have a mutation that was not found in approximately 3700 modern humans analyzed. Functional analyses show that this variant reduces MC1R activity to a level that alters hair and/or skin pigmentation in humans. The impaired activity of this variant suggests that Neanderthals varied in pigmentation levels, potentially on the scale observed in modern humans. Our data suggest that inactive MC1R variants evolved independently in both modern humans and Neanderthals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- Rompler, Holger -- Caramelli, David -- Staubert, Claudia -- Catalano, Giulio -- Hughes, David -- Rohland, Nadin -- Pilli, Elena -- Longo, Laura -- Condemi, Silvana -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Stoneking, Mark -- Schoneberg, Torsten -- Bertranpetit, Jaume -- Hofreiter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1453-5. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. clalueza@ub.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; *Fossils ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Extensive diversity of Ig-superfamily proteins in the immune system of insects (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: The extensive somatic diversification of immune receptors is a hallmark of higher vertebrates. However, whether molecular diversity contributes to immune protection in invertebrates is unknown. We present evidence that Drosophila immune-competent cells have the potential to express more than 18,000 isoforms of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-superfamily receptor Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam). Secreted protein isoforms of Dscam were detected in the hemolymph, and hemocyte-specific loss of Dscam impaired the efficiency of phagocytic uptake of bacteria, possibly due to reduced bacterial binding. Importantly, the molecular diversity of Dscam transcripts generated through a mechanism of alternative splicing is highly conserved across major insect orders, suggesting an unsuspected molecular complexity of the innate immune system of insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, Fiona L -- Puttmann-Holgado, Roland -- Thomas, Franziska -- Lamar, David L -- Hughes, Michael -- Kondo, Masahiro -- Rebel, Vivienne I -- Schmucker, Dietmar -- 1RO1-NS46747-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1874-8. Epub 2005 Aug 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/immunology/metabolism ; Fat Body/metabolism ; Hemocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Hemolymph/chemistry ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Insects/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phagocytosis ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Immunologic/immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The kinase domain of titin controls muscle gene expression and protein turnover (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: The giant sarcomeric protein titin contains a protein kinase domain (TK) ideally positioned to sense mechanical load. We identified a signaling complex where TK interacts with the zinc-finger protein nbr1 through a mechanically inducible conformation. Nbr1 targets the ubiquitin-associated p62/SQSTM1 to sarcomeres, and p62 in turn interacts with MuRF2, a muscle-specific RING-B-box E3 ligase and ligand of the transactivation domain of the serum response transcription factor (SRF). Nuclear translocation of MuRF2 was induced by mechanical inactivity and caused reduction of nuclear SRF and repression of transcription. A human mutation in the titin protein kinase domain causes hereditary muscle disease by disrupting this pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lange, Stephan -- Xiang, Fengqing -- Yakovenko, Andrey -- Vihola, Anna -- Hackman, Peter -- Rostkova, Elena -- Kristensen, Jakob -- Brandmeier, Birgit -- Franzen, Gereon -- Hedberg, Birgitta -- Gunnarsson, Lars Gunnar -- Hughes, Simon M -- Marchand, Sylvie -- Sejersen, Thomas -- Richard, Isabelle -- Edstrom, Lars -- Ehler, Elisabeth -- Udd, Bjarne -- Gautel, Mathias -- G0200496(63216)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0300213/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PG/03/049/15364/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1599-603. Epub 2005 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Muscle Signalling and Development, Randall Division, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Connectin ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Muscular Diseases/genetics ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Respiratory Insufficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcomeres/metabolism ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of DNA repair by the chromatin remodeling enzyme ALC1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Posttranslational modifications play key roles in regulating chromatin plasticity. Although various chromatin-remodeling enzymes have been described that respond to specific histone modifications, little is known about the role of poly[adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] in chromatin remodeling. Here, we identify a chromatin-remodeling enzyme, ALC1 (Amplified in Liver Cancer 1, also known as CHD1L), that interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) and catalyzes PARP1-stimulated nucleosome sliding. Our results define ALC1 as a DNA damage-response protein whose role in this process is sustained by its association with known DNA repair factors and its rapid poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment to DNA damage sites. Furthermore, we show that depletion or overexpression of ALC1 results in sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which poly(ADP-ribose) regulates DNA repair.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahel, Dragana -- Horejsi, Zuzana -- Wiechens, Nicola -- Polo, Sophie E -- Garcia-Wilson, Elisa -- Ahel, Ivan -- Flynn, Helen -- Skehel, Mark -- West, Stephen C -- Jackson, Stephen P -- Owen-Hughes, Tom -- Boulton, Simon J -- 064414/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 11224/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A3549/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A5290/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177321. Epub 2009 Aug 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall, London Research Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Immunoprecipitation ; Kinetics ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Phleomycins/pharmacology ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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