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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcortical rotation in Xenopus eggs: A preliminary study of its mechanochemical basis (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: amphibian egg ; Nile blue stain ; microtubules ; subcortial rotation ; cytoplasmic movement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The amphibian egg undergoes a 30° rotation of its subcortical contents relative to its surface during the first cell cycle, a displacement of 350 μm in 50 min. This is directly visualized by following the movement of an array of Nile blue (a subcortical stain) spots applied to the egg periphery (Vincent, Oster, and Gerhart: Dev Bio 113:484-500, '86). We have investigated the mechanochemical basis of this unusual cell motility. Subcortical rotation depends on microtubule integrity during its entire course and is insensitive to inhibitors of microfilament assembly. It does not depend on newly synthesized proteins for its operation or timing, and it does not involve calcium-dependent processes. Finally, we show that vegetal fragments of the egg can complete rotation on their own, indicating that mechanochemical components can operate locally in this hemisphere.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of p35 (annexin I, lipocortin I) in normal adult rat kidney and during recovery from ischemia (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 153 (1992), S. 467-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The 35-kDa protein (p35, lipocortin I, annexin I), originally discovered as a Ca++-dependent substrate for the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, binds Ca++ and phospholipids, is developmentally regulated in embryos and has restricted expression in adults. Immunohistochemistry of normal rat kidney shows that p35 is enriched in epithelia of Bowman's capsule, the macula densa, and medullary/papillary collecting ducts, suggesting that p35 is related to specialized renal functions. Light staining is observed in the thick ascending limb; elsewhere, immunoreactivity is nil. Since renal recovery from ischemia involves both hyperplasia and hypertrophy and reportedly is accelerated by EGF, we examined p35 distribution during this process. After 48 hours of recovery, both the distribution and amount of renal p35 are altered. Immunoblots show p35 levels increased at least threefold in whole-kidney homogenates. The expression of p35 is still highly restricted in recovering kidneys; however, the thick ascending limb now stains heavily. This is the first documentation of alterations in annexin levels during a pathophysiologic response. However, our attempts to discern effects of exogenous EGF on the recovery from ischemia were negative for both mitotic index and renal function assays. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041530305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Procedures for obtaining high percentages of viable in vitro capacitated hamster sperm (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm ; capacitation ; acrosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Suspensions of nearly 100% viable golden hamster sperm were prepared by passing washed cauda epididymal sperm through a column of 0.25-0.3 mm glass beads. Incubations of these viable sperm under in vitro capacitation conditions in volumes of 0.1 or 1 ml (2-2.5 × 106/ml) resulted in 85-92% viable sperm after four hours and 45 minutes of incubation. More than 70% of these sperm were judged to have been capacitated after four hours and 45 minutes of incubation on the basis of their having undergone acrosome reactions and the presence of high numbers of sperm exhibiting the activated motility characteristic of capacitated hamster sperm.Thus, for the first time, procedures are available that will yield large numbers of viable capacitated sperm for biochemical analysis and that will also allow other studies of hamster sperm capacitation with minimum interference from molecules released from dead sperm.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120020304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of hamster sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in vitro by glucose and lactate and inhibition by the glycolytic inhibitor α-chlorohydrin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 4 (1981), S. 515-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: glucose ; glycolysis ; lactate ; sperm ; capacitation ; acrosome reactions ; α-chlorohydrin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Studies were made of the effects of D(+)-glucose, L-lactate and pyruvate on in vitro capacitation and acrosome reactions (AR) of hamster sperm using a more “defined” medium that that used in previous similar studies. In the absence of glucose or lactate, sperm underwent very few AR and activation (whiplash-like motility characteristic of capacitated hamster sperm) was reduced compared to those events in sperm preincubated in the presence of glucose plus lactate plus pyruvate. Glucose and pyruvate supported more AR than glucose alone, but less than glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. The glycolytic inhibitor α-chlorohydrin (10 μm) inhibited AR by 50% and reduced activation by less. When glucose was added to sperm incubated 2 hr with pyruvate and lactate, the number of AR observed after 4 hr was the same as that obtained when glucose was present throughout the incubation. When glucose was added after 3.5 hr, AR were delayed for 1 hr and lower numbers of sperm underwent AR. In the presence of lactate and pyruvate, 0.38 mM glucose was able to support activation and AR as well as 3.24 mM glucose. These results indicate that exogenous glucose and lactate are necessary for in vitro capacitation and AR of hamster sperm; only low levels of exogenous glucose are required; exogenous glucose is not required during the first 2 hr of capacitation; and glycolytic activity is necessary for capacitation and the AR.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120040605
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in motility that accompany the acrosome reaction in hyperactivated hamster spermatozoa (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 10 (1984), S. 253-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm motility ; hyperactivation ; acrosome reaction ; spermatozoa ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High-speed videomicrography was used to compare the movement characteristics of hamster epididymal sperm which completed the acrosome reaction in vitro with those of unreacted sperm in the same sample. More than 90% of the motile sperm incubated for 4.25 hr in a modified Tyrode's medium containing bovine serum albumin, taurine, and epinephrine were hyperactivated and about half were acrosome reacted. The flagella of reacted sperm beat with significantly lower frequency and bent into more acute curves than those of unreacted sperm. Lowered beat frequencies were not attributable to aging, because sperm induced to react synchronously at 3.5 hr using lysophosphatidyl choline beat with similar lowered frequencies. Both acrosome-reacted and unreacted hyperactivated sperm swam in circular trajectories resulting from asymmetrical flagellar beating. The flagellar beating of unreacted sperm was more symmetrical; consequently, they swam in larger circles and had the potential to cover space more rapidly. Some unreacted sperm, perhaps in transition towards hyperactivation, swam in helical trajectories.When preincubated sperm were added to slides containing oocytes in cumulus, some unreacted sperm initiated cumulus penetration. All reacted sperm failed to do so, adhering instead to the cumulus at its boundary. Reacted sperm attached to the zonae pellucidae of cumulus-free oocytes via the region of the inner acrosomal membrane. Unreacted sperm attached via the equatorial region, but pivoted about the point of attachment, thus failing to generate sustained thrust against the zona. In conclusion, unreacted hyperactivated sperm have a different potential than reacted sperm for movement and interaction with egg vestments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120100305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of enzymes in isolated plant nuclei (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 5 (1986), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Purified nuclei are being used as a test system to study the regulation of nuclear enzymes in plants. Regulatory agents such as light, hormones and polyamines can stimulate kinases or phosphatases that control nuclear protein phosphorylation and they can modulate the activity of as yet unidentified enzymes required for transcript synthesis and/or stabilization. This essay summarizes current findings and discusses the advantages and pitfalls of using isolated nuclei to investigate how nuclear functions are controlled.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950050307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Gap junction proteins: Vive la différence! (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 9 (1988), S. 167-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The intercellular junctions connecting the cytoplasms of fibre cells in the mammalian lens have until recently been regarded as a class of junction which is fundamentally different from that of the gap junctions in other organs. Recent observations, however, suggest that the lens junctions fit protein topology predictions common for all gap junctions. While the homologous peptide portions are predicted to form the channels, the divergent peptide portions of the gap junction polypeptides may adapt channel activity to the special tissue requirements.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950090507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane contacts and lens transparency (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 5 (1986), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two kinds of membrane contacts in the vertebrate lens are described. Fiber gap junctions are domains where small molecules can pass between lens cells. Membrane structures of ball-and-socket type interlock adjacent lens fibers and thus contribute to the structural integrity of the lens. Both of these membrane contacts appear crucial for the maintenance of lens transparency.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950050208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prions are novel infectious pathogens causing scrapie and creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 5 (1986), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are caused by prions, which appear to be different from both viruses and viroids. Prions contain protein which is required for infectivity, but no nucleic acid has been found within them. Prion proteins are encoded by a cellular gene and not by a nucleic acid within the infectious prion particle. A cellular homologue of the prion protein has been IDentified. The role of this homologue in metabolism is unknown. Prion proteins, but not the cellular homologue, aggregate into rod-shaped particles that are histo-chemically and ultrastructurally IDentical to amyloid. Extracellular collections of prion proteins form amyloid plaques in scrapie- and CJD-infected rodent brains as well as CJD-infected human brains. Within the plaques, prion proteins assemble to form amyloid filaments. Elucidating the molecular differences between the prion protein and its cellular homologue may be important in understanding the chemical structure and replication of prions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950050612
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenogenetic aspects of some hair and pigment mutantsWork was supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service grant C-592(C8) and AEC contract AT(30-1)-2018. (1960)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 56 (1960), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030560411
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