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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of granuloma-dependent angiotensin-converting enzyme and eosinophil chemotactic factor in the skin of athymic nude mice (1987)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hypersensitivity ; granulomas ; skin ; athymic nude mice ; biomedical analysis ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; eosinophil chemotactic factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), other proteinases, and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-G) are known to be elevated in hepatic hypersensitivity granulomas of thymus intact (nu/+) mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection. The enzyme activities also increase, but to a lesser degree in hepatic granulomas of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and ECF-G is not detectable. In this study isolated hepatic granulomas from nu/+ mice were grafted into the skin of uninfected nu/nu mice, and changes in those cellular functions were determined to examine whether the newly formed granulomas by recipient nu/nu cells acquire the functional activities as well as the histological appearance of nu/+ granulomas. ACE and ECF-G rapidly disappeared from grafted sites during the first 5 days, corresponding to loss of nu/+ cells from the graft. Reduction in activities of arylsulfatases, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase also occurred, but to a lesser extent. Recovery of ACE and ECF-G activities to the levels seen in nu/+ hepatic granulomas was observed by 14 days after grafting when nu/nu cells had accumulated in the grafts and formed new granulomas. Other enzymes increased to approximately half the levels seen in grafted donor granulomas. Circulating eosinophilia also increased. The findings indicate that nu/nu cells that accumulated in the skin grafts not only morphologically mimicked nu/+ type granulomas but also demonstrated nu/+ levels of cellular function. Analysis of skin granulomas developing in nu/+ mice after grafting of nu/+ hepatic granulomas showed the similar histology and enzymatic changes, whereas the skin sites inoculated with purified schistosome eggs alone caused neither significant histological changes nor elevation of ACE activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240340108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comodulation of cellular polyamines and proliferation: Biomarker application to colorectal mucosa (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 57 (1995), S. 256-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: polyamines ; proliferation ; colorectal cancer ; biomarkers ; mucosa ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic amines required for normal cellular growth which are ubiquitously found in all living tissues. Polyamine biosynthesis is known to increase with mitogenesis, and elevated polyamine concentrations are found in hyperproliferative tissue. Quantitation of tissue of polyamine content may thus provide a biochemical measure of proliferation, with potential biomarker application to the colonic mucosa where dysregulated epithelial proliferation is associated with cancer risk. This study was performed to validate polyamine analyses as a measure of cellular proliferation, and to preliminarily assess polyamine assay characteristics when applied to clinical samples. Using FHC, a human colonic epithelial cell line, for in vitro experimentation, deoxycholic acid or retinol was added to freshly passaged cultures to either stimulate or inhibit proliferation, respectively. Parallel cultures were then assayed for (1) proliferation by sulforhodamine B staining; and (2) polyamine content by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Deoxycholic acid stimulated, and retinol inhibited proliferation in dose-dependent fashion. Polyamine content, specifically the spermidine content and the spermidine/spermine ratio, also increased or decreased in response to culture with deoxycholic acid or retinol, respectively. Significant linear correlations between proliferation and spermidine (r = 0.858, P 〈 0.001), and with the spermidine/spermine ratio (r = 0.574, P 〈 0.05) were observed. When quantitative polyamine analyses were applied to human colonic specimens, replicate mucosal sampling revealed a high degree of intra-individual variability, indicating a heterogeneous distribution of polyamines within anatomically confined colonic segments. The results support a role for quantitative polyamine analyses as a correlative measure of colonic epithelial proliferation; however, intraindividual variability may limit the utility of colorectal biomarker measurements.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240570209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell movements in a living mammalian tissue: Long-term observation of individual cells in wounded corneal endothelia of cats (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although the cells in tissues are known to be motile under special conditions (e.g., during tissue turnover or wound healing), there are not many reports that polygonal cells covering an area without leaving any gaps are also capable of movement. In the present study, cell movements (cell shifting and rearrangement) in a living mammalian eye tissue were documented by identifying and locating individual cells over intervals as long as 100 days. Cat corneal endothelium, a monolayered cell sheet, was wounded by removing a small number (about 180) of endothelial cells from the internal lining of the cornea. Healing of the wounded tissue was observed with a wide-view specular microscope applied to the outer surface of the cornea, enabling us to identify individual cells for as long as two to three months.Cells surrounding the wound underwent areal enlargement, elongated toward the wound, and shifted to cover the wound surface. During days 4-7, cells became rearranged by changing neighbors in such a way that they retained their enlarged size but recovered their non-elongated, original shape. This pattern of cell rearrangement was interpreted by a computer simulation which assumed that cells shorten their boundary length while maintaining contacts with contiguous cells. After day 7, the enlarged cells adjacent to the wounded area gradually contracted and pulled surrounding cells toward the wounded area. These movements were followed by a temporary halt in cell shifting, then by a recovery of shifting and cell elongation. These movements are interpreted as a result of the contractility of endothelial cell microfilaments.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051740104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproducibility of erythrocyte polyamine measurements and correlation with plasma micronutrients in an antioxidant vitamin intervention study (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 62 (1996), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: polyamines ; erythrocyte ; biomarker ; reproducibility ; plasma micronutrients ; antioxidant ; intervention ; cancer prevention ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Erythrocyte polyamine measurements have been previously investigated as candidate biomarkers for hyperproliferation and recently as a potential intermediate endpoint in clinical chemoprevention trials with difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis. This study was performed to determine the reproducibility of erythrocyte polyamine measurements and their possible correlation with plasma micronutrients in seven healthy adults in an antioxidant vitamin intervention study. As part of this cross-over intervention study, three subjects took β-carotene (31.4 mg/day) plus D-α-tocopherol acetate (720 IU/day) supplements during the first 3 months and four subjects took the supplements during the second 3 months. Heparinized blood samples were collected at baseline and every month over total 6 months for simultaneous determination of erythrocyte polyamines and plasma micronutrients by the high-performance liquid chromatographic method. For all the measures of erythrocyte polyamines the intraindividual variation was smaller than that between subjects, and three or four measurements required to accurately characterize long-term erythrocyte polyamines for an individual. The intra-class correlations were moderately high for all erythrocyte polyamine measurements, indicating a good reproducibility for intra-individual erythrocyte polyamine measurements. Based on monthly values, significant inverse correlations were found between erythrocyte spermidine and the plasma levels of retinol (r = -0.50) and lutein (r = -0.52). There were also significant inverse associations between erythrocyte spermine and plasma levels of α-tocopherol (r = -0.29), lutein (r = -0.44), lycopene (r = -0.29), β-cryptoxanthin (r = -0.30), and total carotenoids (r = -0.29). The effects of supplementation upon the associations between erythrocyte polyamines and plasma nutrient levels were additionally addressed. The results indicate an acceptable longitudinal reproducibility of erythrocyte polyamine measurements, support the hypothesis that erythrocyte polyamine measurements may be correlated with plasma levels of certain nutrients, and suggest a further biomarker application in cancer prevention trials involving dietary modifications or specific relevant micronutrients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucosal polyamine measurements and colorectal cancer risk (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 252-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: polyamines ; biomarkers ; proliferation ; colorectal cancer risk ; mucosa ; biopsy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Polyamines are short-chain aliphatic amines required for normal cellular growth that are ubiquitously found in all living tissues. Polyamine content has been shown to correlate with cellular proliferation. Quantitation of polyamines may thus provide a biochemical measure of proliferation in the colorectal mucosa where dysregulated epithelial proliferation is associated with colorectal cancer risk. A case-control study was conducted to validate the hypothesized association between mucosal polyamine measurements and colorectal cancer risk. Polyamines were measured in 4-6 multiple rectal mucosal biopsies from 11 normal control subjects and seven case patients with colon cancer. Compared with the controls, mean polyamine measurements, after adjustment for age and sex, were significantly increased for spermidine (P 〈 0.003) and spermine (P 〈 0.017). Subsequent analyses indicated that in controls 1-4 biopsies appeared adequate to characterize an individual. However, mucosal polyamines in the cases exhibited more sampling variability, requiring 4-8 biopsies to achieve an acceptable level of reliability. After adjustment for age and sex, the odds ratios for spermidine and spermine levels, compared to the controls, were 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.6-33.7) and 2.3 (1.2-6.3), respectively. The results of this study indicate that increases of mucosal polyamine measurements, after taking the sampling and methodological variability into account, are significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk, and suggest that polyamine measurements in rectal mucosa may play an important role as biomarkers for identifying high-risk individuals and/or for using as intermediate endpoints in prevention trials. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of flat revertants isolated from cells transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV) (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 145 (1990), S. 428-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transformed Fisher rat fibroblast cell lines by Abelson murine leukemia virus frequently revert to the normal phenotype in usual culture conditions. Molecular Biological analysis of thre revertant clones isolated from the transformants showed that their morphological reversions were due to inactivation of the v-abl oncogene at multiple steps including transcription, translation or v-abl protein kinase activity itself without any change in structural gene expression of helper virus. These findings suggest the existence of a specific mechanism(s) for elimination of the v-abl oncogene by segregation, mutation, or gene rearrangement in these cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041450306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved chemically defined culture medium for strain L mouse cells based on growth responses to graded levels of nutrients including iron and zinc ions (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 75 (1970), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nutritional factors were evaluated for effects on growth of mouse fibroblast cells in suspension in a chemically defined medium. Quantitative requirements for each of the essential amino acids, choline, inorganic phosphate, iron, and zinc were established. An improved chemically defined medium was formulated on the basis of the findings yielding populations of L cells in excess of 5 × 106 per ml without nutrient replenishment. When spent medium was replaced periodically, yields approaching 30 × 106 cells per ml were attained. The efficiency of utilization of most amino acids in the new medium appears to be 2- to 3-fold better than results reported by others.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040750108
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