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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of olfactory sensilla in myriapods and arachnids (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 22 (1992), S. 372-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Olfactory chemoreceptors ; Electron microscopy ; Wall structures ; Sheath cells ; Dendrites ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Structural features of various types of olfactory sensilla are reviewed. (1). Sensilla basiconica which differ in form and size are found on the antennae of centipedes and millipedes. Their walls show longitudinal slits or grooves that either open into the sensillum lumen or do not penetrate the cuticle. In other such sensilla the outer surface is pierced by pores and the inner surface grooved and pocketed. These sensilla are innervated by one to six sensory cells. Their unbranched outer dendritic segments extend to the tip of the sensillum. The sensory cells are surrounded by two or three sheath cells which terminate at the sensillum base or form a continuous tube around the entire length of the outer dendritic segments. (2) Temporal organs of centipides are located between the insertion of the antenna and the ocelli. These sensilla consist of a shallow cuticular ring with a central sensory plate made up by a layer of unperforated cuticle or a capsule with a mushroom-shaped structure inside formed by fibrous-looking cuticle. A dozen sensory cells with unbranched outer dendritic segments innervate each sensillum. They extend toward the sensory cuticle and pass just below it. Numerous sheath cell processes run parallel to the outer dendritic segments up to the sensory cuticle. (3) Thread-like flagella of Pauropoda are found on the antennae. They possess a flexible unperforated cuticular wall. These sensilla contain nine sensory cells surrounded by several sheath cells which form a continuous cytoplasmic tube around the outer dendritic segments. (4) Single-walled sensilla with numerous plugged pores penetrating the cuticular wall occur on the tarsus of the first leg in ticks. Each sensillum is innervated by 4-15 sensory cells. Three sheath cells terminate in the base of the sensillum. (5) Double-walled sensilla with spoke canals are found on the first tarsus of ticks. Their shaft is longitudinally grooved. Pore canals lead inward from the bottom of the grooves and open into vase-shaped chambers. From its base these canals extend into the lumen of the sensillum which contains unbranched outer dendritic segments of 1-2 sensory cells. (6) Single-walled sensilla with pore openings occur on the distal tarsal segments of the first leg of whip spiders. These sensilla are innervated by 40-45 sensory cells. Their unbranched outer dendritic segments fill the shaft lumen and extend partly into the wall pores. Microvillus-shaped sheath cell processes line the inner surface of the cuticular wall. (7) Tarsal organs are located dorsally on the tarsus of all legs and pedipalps of spiders. These sensory organs consist of a cuticular capsule with a dome-shaped projection inside. It is situated on the proximal sidewall of the capsule and possesses 7 pore canals that enclose the dendritic tips of 2-3 sensory cells, giving a total of 20 sensory cells. Each group of dendrites terminating in an individual pore canal is encased by 2 sheath cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070220406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slit sense organs on the scorpion leg (Androctonus australis L., Buthidae) (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 145 (1975), S. 209-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: As in other arthropods the exoskeleton of arachnids is subjected to loads generated by external stimuli and behavioral activities. Far from being mere by-products of various activities such loads act as signals for mechanoreceptors capable of detecting minute displacements caused by them in the cuticle. In arachnids the slit sense organs serve in this capacity.Spiders have the most elaborate system of slit sense organs. Our previous studies clearly pointed to a functional significance of their specific location and orientation, as well as degree and type of aggregation (isolated, grouped, compound or lyriform) on respective body parts.The present study extends our work to the slit sense organs of scorpions. It gives a detailed account of the topography of the organs on the walking legs. In general slits are less orderly arranged on the legs of scorpions than on those of spiders. In the scorpion they never aggregate to form lyriform organs. Instead there are groups at comparable locations forming much more irregular, but still specific patterns. Isolated slits are more numerous on the scorpion leg, but are also less regularly distrubuted there. A common feature of the majority of slits on both the spider and the scorpion leg is their position on the lateral surfaces and their orientation roughly parallel to the long axis of the leg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051450207
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central projections of cheliceral mechanoreceptors in the spider Cupiennius salei (Arachnida, Araneae) (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 217 (1993), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Central projections of lyriform organs and tactile hairs on the chelicerae of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei were traced using anterograde cobalt fills. Different fibers arising from both mechanoreceptor types arborize in the cheliceral ganglia, which are part of the tritocerebrum, and in sensory longitudinal tracts in the center of the suboesophageal nerve mass together with afferent fibers arising from mechanoreceptors on the walking legs and the pedipalps. This convergence of sensory projections in the sensory longitudinal tracts might provide the anatomical basis for the coordination of the movements of different extremities during prey capture and feeding. The findings also support the hypothesis that the tritocerebrum originally was a preoral ganglion in spiders. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052170202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric measurements do not demonstrate that the spider brain “central body” has a special role in web building (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 208 (1991), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The results of volumetric measurements led Hanström ('28) to suggest that specialized neuropil in the brain, the so-called central body (CB), may be of particular importance in the nervous control of web building behavior in spiders. We compared the volumes of the various brain regions in four spider species clearly differing in lifestyle and web building behavior: an orb weaver (Nephila clavipes), a wandering spider (Cupiennius salei), a jumping spider (Phidippus regius), and a bird spider (Ephebopus sp.). Our results obtained in adult animals as well as our observations on the postembryonic development of the brain do not support Hanström's hypothesis. The relative share of the CB in the brain is very similar in all four species (ca. 3.1 to 5.1%). The differentiation of the CB into a clearly demarcated two-lobed structure does not coincide with the onset of web building behavior in Nephila. The CB of both Nephila and Cupiennius is already clearly recognizable in spiderlings which have not even left the egg sac.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052080104
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