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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,685)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of incorporation of labeled amino acids into proteinSupported by grants-in-aid from the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, the American Cancer Society, and the U. S. Public Health Service. This is publication No. 862 of the Cancer Commission of Harvard University. (1956)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 47 (1956), S. 81-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030470408
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence of a soluble interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) in the retinal interphotoreceptor space (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 117 (1983), S. 333-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A new, gentle technique has been developed for washing of the retinal interphotoreceptor space (IPS) to obtain soluble components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Using this method, we have determined that the major soluble coustituent of monkey IPS is a 146,000 Mr glycoprotein, which binds [3H]retinol, sediments on sucrose gradients at 7S and has an Rf of 0.42 on native gel electrophoresis. Using size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography, the apparent molecular weight of the native protein was calculated to be 250,000 daltons. In contrast to previous studies, no 15,000-dalton cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) or 33,000-dalton cellular retinaldehydebinding protein (CRALBP) was observed in the IPS wash, indicating that these proteins are probably not involved in retinol transport between retina and pigment epithelium (PE). In the supernatant fraction of retinal homogenates that contains soluble intracellular proteins as well as extracellular constituents, the 146,000 Mr protein was closely associated with a 93,000 Mr protein that could be separated on SDS-gel electrophoresis; the 93,000 Mr protein was not found in the IPS wash. The 146,000 Mr interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) may function in extracellular retinol transport in the IPS.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041170308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal regulation of de novo purine synthesis and purine salvage in a cultured mouse T-cell lymphoma mutant partially deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 99 (1979), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The isolation and characterization of a mutant murine T-cell lymphoma (S49) with altered purine metabolism is described. This mutant, AU-100, was isolated from a mutagenized populatio of S49 cells by virtue of its resistance to 0.1 mM 6-azauridine in semisolid agarose. The AU-100 cells are resistant to adenosine mediated cytotoxicity but are extraordinarily sensitive to killing by guanosine.High performance liquid chromatography of AU-100 cells extracts has demonstrated that intracellular levels of GTP, IMP, and GMP are all elevated about 3-fold over those levels found in wild type cells. The AU-100 cells also contain an elevated intracellular level of pyrophosphoribosylphosphate (PPriboseP), which as in wild type cells is diminished by incubation of AU-100 cells with adenosine. However AU-100 cells synthesize purines de novo at a rate less than 35% of that found in wild type cells.In other growth rate experiments, the AU-100 cell line was shown to be resistant to 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine. Levels of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) measured in AU-100 cell extracts, however, are 50-66% greater than those levels of HGPRTase found in wild type cell extracts. Nevertheless this mutant S49 cell line cannot efficiently incorporate labeled hypoxanthine into nucleotides since the salvage enzyme HGPRTase is inhibited in vivo.The AU-100 cell line was found to be 80% deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase, but these cells are not auxotrophic for adenosine or other purines. The significant alterations in the control of purine de novo and salvage metabolism caused by the defect in adenylosuccinate synthetase are mediated by the resulting increased levels of guanosine necleotides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040990115
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of glycosaminoglycans in cultures of human, normal and malignant glial cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 527-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) of human cultured normal glial and malignant glioma cell lines were studied using 35S-sulphate or 3H-glucosamine as markers. 35S-labelled GAG were assayed by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride; 3H-labelled sulphated GAG and 3H-labelled hyaluronic acid were quantitated after separation on a DEAE-cellulose column. The net production of GAG and the distribution, composition and turnover of GAG were similar in all of the normal cell lines tested, but showed a great variability in the malignant cell lines. Most of the glioma cell lines produced more hyaluronic acid and less sulphated GAG than the normal cell lines, but exceptions were noted. The GAG of the trypsin susceptible (pericellular) pool of normal glial cells consisted mainly of heparan sulphate with only minor amounts of other GAG. The analogous material of most glioma cells showed hyaluronic acid as the major GAG. Material liberated by trypsin from EDTA-detached cells (membrane fraction) was enriched in heparan sulphate as compared to the entire pericellular pool. Substrate attached material (SAM) left with the plastic dish after EDTA treatment of normal cultures was rich in heparan sulphate, whereas SAM of glioma cells lacked heparan sulphate or showed greatly reduced amounts of this component. Release of newly synthesized GAG to the extracellular medium was a rapid process in the normal cells but was more or less delayed in the glioma cells. The extracellular medium of the malignant glioma cultures was consistently poor in dermatan sulphate, as compared to that of normal cultures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980311
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular matrix derived from Trypanosoma cruzi infected endothelial cells directs phenotypic expression (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 145 (1990), S. 340-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Infection of confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi results in the appearance of an altered heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) isolated from the extracellular matrix of infected endothelial cells (ECMi). HSPG from ECMi differed from HSPG obtained from the extracellular matrix of uninfected endothelial cells (ECMu) by virtue of an 8-10-fold increase in sulfation and a different elution pattern using DEAE Sepharose chromatography. Analysis of the HSPG that binds to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) revealed that infection increased the proportion of HSPG that binds to aFGF by 35%. Heparitinase and alkaline borohydride treatment of aFGF-binding HSPG and chromatographic resolution on Sepharose CL4B column revealed an infection-associated 10-fold increase in sulfation of the GAG side chain with no significant change in the migration of the core protein. In addition, the aFGF binding HSPG isolated from ECMi demonstrated a markedly attenuated synergistic mitogenic activity with aFGF in a cell proliferation assay. All of the infection associated changes in HSPG could be demonstrated in HSPG obtained from uninfected endothelial cell cultures grown on ECMi. Hence, the ECMi is associated with signals capable of modulating the ECM associated metabolism of uninfected endothelial cells. This facility of ECMi was also shown to extend to patterns of Gs protein synthesis as revealed by Western blot analysis. The observation that the ECM produced by infected endothelial cells can direct the synthetic patterns of uninfected endothelial cells in a manner uniquely observed in infected endothe-lial cells suggests a plausible pathway by which infection of only a few cells can ultimately result in the coordinate responses of neighboring uninfected cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041450220
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential regulation of the expression of transforming growth factor-β mRNAs by growth factors and retinoic acid in chicken embryo chondrocytes, myocytes, and fibroblasts (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) autoregulates its expression in several mammalian cell types. We now report that addition of TGF-βs 1, 2, and 3 to primary chicken embryo cells differentially affects expression of the messenger RNAs for the different TGF-β isoforms depending on the cell type. In cultured sternal chondrocytes, addition of TGF-βs 1, 2, or 3 results in an increase in the steady-state levels of the messenger RNAs for TGF-βs 2 and 3, but does not change expression of TGF-β4 mRNA. In contrast, in cultured cardiac myocytes, addition of TGF-βs 1, 2, or 3 results in an increase in expression of TGF-βs 3 and 4 mRNAs, but does not change expression of TGF-β2 mRNA. Moreover, expression of TGF-βs 2, 3, and 4 mRNAs is not affected by addition of any of the TGF-βs to fibroblasts. Addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or interleukin-1 (IL-1) to these chicken cells also has differential effects on expression of the different TGF-β mRNAs depending on the cell type. Retinoic acid also has contrasting effects on chondrocytes and myocytes either increasing or decreasing, respectively, expression of TGF-βs 2 and 3 mRNAs and TGF-β2 protein. Our results indicate a complex pattern of regulation of the different TGF-β genes by themselves as well as by PDGF, EGF, IL-1, dexamethasone, TPA, and retinoic acid in chicken embryo cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500222
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and physiological differentiation during morphogenesis. XXII. Observations on amino acid and protein synthesis in the cerebral cortex and liver of the newborn mouseThis investigation was aided by a research grant from the Division of Research Grants and Fellowships of the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1958)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 51 (1958), S. 385-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030510306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of airway epithelial permeability with dextran (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Trachea ; Permeability ; Smoke ; Microscopy ; electron ; Microscopy ; fluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We studied the penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) T-40 dextran into the paracellular spaces in the tracheal mucosa and its appearance in the blood plasma of guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke or (controls) breathing room air. Under general anesthesia, the dextran solution was instilled onto the tracheal surface via a tracheotomy tube, arterial blood was sampled serially for 40 min, and then the trachea was fixed by perfusion or immersion. Examination of the tracheal mucosa with light microscopy, with and without epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, revealed dextran in the paracellular spaces in mucosa from experimental animals but not controls. In all control animals, the levels of the dextran in plasma was below the sensitivity of the assay. By contrast, dextran levels in the plasma from the experimental animals fell within the sensitivity range of the assay and increased in blood at a rate of 0.00125 ± 0.00023 (SE) expressed as a percentage of the instilled dose/min. We conclude that FITC T-40 dextran provides a reliable, fairly simple, fast method for assessing major, but not subtle, changes in paracellular permeability of the tracheal mucosa.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060110208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterizaton of a protein associated with the stembody using autoimmune sera from patients with systemic sclerosis (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 360-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spindle ; autoantibody ; CREST ; scleroderma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An autoantibody that binds an antigen localized to the stembody of dividing cells has been identified in a patient with systemic sclerosis. Initially, this antigen is associated with the surface of the metaphase chromosomes. At the onset of anaphase the antigen becomes preferentially associated with the forming stembodies. This association is maintained as furrowing progresses during telophase and continues after the intercellular bridge is released from the daughter cells during G-1. Immunoblots indicate that the epitope detected by immunoflurorescence is present on a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 38 kD.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal shortening and the mechanisms of axonal motility (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 48-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axon ; growth cone ; retraction ; taxol ; slow transport ; axonal transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Axons in tissue culture retract and shorten if their tips are detached from the substrate. The shortening reaction of the axon involves contractile forces that also arise during normal axonal motility, elongation, and retraction. We studied shortening in axonal segments isolated from their parent axons by transecting the axon between the growth cone and the most distal point of adhesion to the substrate. Within 15-20 minutes after transection, an isolated axonal segment shortened and pulled its tail end toward the growth cone. During the shortening process, long sinusoidal bends arose along the axon. The identical shortening reaction occurs without transection, when the axon tip is detached from the substrate. Pharmacological studies with inhibitors of glycolysis indicate that the shortening mechanisms utilize metabolic energy, presumably ATP. The rate of sinusoidal shortening is similar to both the rate of polymer translocation in the axon by slow axonal transport and the rate of normal axonal elongation. Taxol inhibits the shortening reaction with a similar dose dependence to its inhibition of axonal growth. Together, all these observations suggest that the same basic intracellular motility mechanisms are involved in normal axonal growth, in slow axonal transport, and in the shortening reaction: the intracellular dynamic system that utilizes ATP to generate longitudinal movements of polymers within the axon may be the same mechanism underlying both the retraction and the elongation of the axon.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090106
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