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  • 1
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    Population biology: fur seals signal their own decline (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coulson, Tim -- Clegg, Sonya -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 24;511(7510):414-5. doi: 10.1038/511414a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; 1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Griffith School of Environment and Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25056058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; Female ; Fur Seals/*genetics ; *Heterozygote
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Development of a second-generation antiandrogen for treatment of advanced prostate cancer (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: Metastatic prostate cancer is treated with drugs that antagonize androgen action, but most patients progress to a more aggressive form of the disease called castration-resistant prostate cancer, driven by elevated expression of the androgen receptor. Here we characterize the diarylthiohydantoins RD162 and MDV3100, two compounds optimized from a screen for nonsteroidal antiandrogens that retain activity in the setting of increased androgen receptor expression. Both compounds bind to the androgen receptor with greater relative affinity than the clinically used antiandrogen bicalutamide, reduce the efficiency of its nuclear translocation, and impair both DNA binding to androgen response elements and recruitment of coactivators. RD162 and MDV3100 are orally available and induce tumor regression in mouse models of castration-resistant human prostate cancer. Of the first 30 patients treated with MDV3100 in a Phase I/II clinical trial, 13 of 30 (43%) showed sustained declines (by 〉50%) in serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen, a biomarker of prostate cancer. These compounds thus appear to be promising candidates for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981508/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981508/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Chris -- Ouk, Samedy -- Clegg, Nicola J -- Chen, Yu -- Watson, Philip A -- Arora, Vivek -- Wongvipat, John -- Smith-Jones, Peter M -- Yoo, Dongwon -- Kwon, Andrew -- Wasielewska, Teresa -- Welsbie, Derek -- Chen, Charlie Degui -- Higano, Celestia S -- Beer, Tomasz M -- Hung, David T -- Scher, Howard I -- Jung, Michael E -- Sawyers, Charles L -- P50 CA092629/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA092629-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):787-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1168175. Epub 2009 Apr 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Anilides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Biological Availability ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; DNA/metabolism ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Nitriles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phenylthiohydantoin/*analogs & ; derivatives/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology ; Receptors, Androgen/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Tosyl Compounds/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Simultaneous expression of globin genes for embryonic and adult hemoglobins during mammalian ontogeny (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: The dominant hemoglobin of the adult hamster was detected in yolk-sac erythroid cells, and its identity was confirmed by peptide mapping and by analysis of relevant peptides. Both the presence and active synthesis of two embryonic hemoglobins presumed to exist only in yolk-sac erythroid cells were detected in neonatal liver and spleen. Thus the time span of expression of both embryonic and adult globin genes during mammalian ontogeny may be considerably broader than presently believed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boussios, T -- Bertles, J F -- Clegg, J B -- AM 27116/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1225-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/*genetics ; Liver/*physiology ; Spleen/physiology ; Yolk Sac/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Nerve growth factor gene expression in the developing rat brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-17
    Description: The regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and NGF messenger RNA (mRNA) in the developing rat brain has been studied to assess the hypothesis that NGF supports the differentiation of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. In the adult, the major targets of these neurons, the hippocampus and neocortex, contain the highest concentrations of NGF mRNA, but comparatively low ratios of NGF protein to its mRNA. In contrast, a high concentration of NGF protein and a low concentration of NGF mRNA were seen in the basal forebrain, consistent with retrograde transport of NGF protein into this region from the neocortex and hippocampus. In these two target regions NGF and NGF mRNA were barely detectable at birth, their concentrations increased to a peak at day 21, and then NGF mRNA, but not NGF protein, declined threefold by day 35. NGF accumulation in the basal forebrain paralleled that in the target regions and preceded an increase in choline acetyltransferase, suggesting that the differentiation of cholinergic projection neurons is indeed regulated by retrogradely transported NGF. In addition, high ratios of NGF protein to NGF mRNA, comparable to that in the basal forebrain, were seen in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum, suggesting that NGF may be transported into these regions by unidentified neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Large, T H -- Bodary, S C -- Clegg, D O -- Weskamp, G -- Otten, U -- Reichardt, L F -- NS21824/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 17;234(4774):352-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis ; Hippocampus/analysis ; Nerve Growth Factors/analysis/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Vaccination against Schistosoma mansoni with purified surface antigens (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Two surface antigens were isolated from young or adult schistosomes by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies. Vaccination with an antigen having a molecular weight of 155,000 gave partial protection against challenge in some batches of mice and in a group of cynomolgus monkeys. Vaccination with an antigen having a molecular weight of 53,000 gave similar levels of protection in mice. The results demonstrate that protection can be obtained with single antigens, but the precise requirements for reproducible vaccination are as yet unknown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, M A -- Clegg, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):535-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Helminth/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macrophage Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Schistosoma mansoni/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/immunology/*prevention & control ; *Vaccination ; Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts IV. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate and cyst hydration (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 88 (1976), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The concentration of ATP in cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, has been studied as a function of cyst hydration. Cysts dried over CaSO4 contain 0.02 gH2O/g cysts and 0.54 ± 0.05 (S.D.) m̈moles of ATP/g dried cysts. Addition of water up to 0.05 g/g cysts produced no net change in the level of ATP during incubation. Hydration levels between 0.05 and 0.62 g/g cysts resulted in a net loss of ATP, whereas above 0.65 g/g cysts a net increase was observed with incubation time. No net change in the amount of ATP, compared with dried cysts, was detected between the latter two hydrations. These results, when integrated with those from previous work, indicate that conventional aerobic energy metabolism does not begin until cyst hydrations of about 0.65 g/g are achieved. The fate of ATP in cysts hydrated to levels lower than 0.65 g/g was discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040880205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts. VIII. Sorption isotherms and derived thermodynamic quantities (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 123-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An analysis of water vapor sorption by cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, has shown that at environmental water activities (aw) of 0.95 or less, the cysts equilibrate with the aw of their environment. Above this aw the metabolic activity of the cysts participates directly in their water content, and equilibration does not occur. In contrast, dried cysts killed by heat treatment or exposure to ammonia fumes equilibrated with all values of aw examined. Analysis of the temperature dependence of sorption isotherms revealed that below cyst hydrations of about 0.3 g H2O/g dried weight the temperature coefficient for water sorption was negative, but became positive at hydrations appreciably in excess of this value. Estimates for the differential and integral net enthalpy and entropy changes accompanying the sorption of water have been calculated from isotherms. These results have been interpreted and integrated with those from previous work on the hydration-dependence of metabolic activity. All of the examined hydration properties of the cysts have been shown to be due chiefly to the cellular component, and not the acellular shell. Analysis of the data by the Bradley equation has shown that the hydration behavior of the shell obeys this relationship, whereas that of the cellular component does not.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts VII. Free amino acids (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 93 (1977), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The concentration of total ninhydrin-positive material (NPM) soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid was measured in cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, as a function of hydration level. No net change in NPM was observed until the cysts had achieved a water content of about 0.65 g H2O/g of initially dry cysts. Above this hydration threshold the NPM content increased markedly. Examination of the free amino acid composition of cysts incubated at selected hydration levels revealed that almost all of the amino acids underwent net change above the hydration threshold. However, just below this threshold, the free amino acid composition was essentially the same as in fully dried cysts. The activity generating net changes in the concentration of free amino acids above the hydration threshold was shown to be metabolic in nature and restricted to the cellular component of the cyst.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040930120
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships between Water and Cellular Metabolism in Artemia cysts. V. 14CO2 incorporation (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 89 (1976), S. 369-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability of cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, to incorporate 14CO2 into organic compounds soluble in cold-trichloroacetic acid was examined over a broad range of cellular water concentrations. Carbon dioxide was not incorporated by cysts containing less than about 0.3 g H2O/g dried cysts, the “critical hydration” for CO2-fixation. This relationship held whether the cysts were hydrated from the liquid or the vapor phase. The incorporation of radioactivity was shown to be due exclusively to metabolic activity in the cellular component of the cyst. Above the critical hydration, the amount of 14CO2 incorporated was a function of cyst water content, but the kinds of metabolites labelled with this precursor, and their relative proportions, were found to be similar in cysts of greatly different hydration. Almost all of the radioactivity was associated with amino acids, Krebs cycle intermediates and related acids, and pyrimidine nucleotides. The fact that the pathway involved with CO2-fixation, and subsequent metabolism of the fixation products are all initiated in cysts containing as little as 0.3 g H2O/g is particularly noteworthy since this hydration level is well within the range of the amounts of “bound water” described in the literature for a wide array of cells and tissues.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040890303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts. VI. RNA and protein synthesis (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 91 (1977), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using 14CO2 as a labelled precursor the relationship between the initiation of protein and RNA synthesis, and water concentration, has been examined in cysts (encysted embryos) of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Although incorporation of radioactivity into amino acids and nucleotides occurred in cysts at hydrations as low as 0.3 g H2O/g dried cysts, incorporation into proteins and RNA was not measurable until the cysts had achieved a hydration in the range of 0.6-0.6 g/g. In no case was radioactivity detected in DNA of unemerged cysts. Fully hydrated cysts (about 1.3 g/g) that were actively synthesizing proteins and RNA, stopped doing so when dehydrated to levels below the same hydration range: thus, the hydration dependence does not involve appreciable hysteresis. The hydration range required to initiate synthesis of these macromolecules is essentially the same as that previously shown to initiate embryonic development.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040910114
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