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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (503)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (321)
  • Mice  (213)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monitoring the behaviour of 4-ketocyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide during capillary gas chromatography by mass spectrometry (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1987), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC) is capable of determining underivatized cyclophosphamide (CPA) using SCOT OV 275 columns. Then CPA is subjected to in situ degradation resulting in formation of a cyclization product which can be determined selectively in biological fluids. In routine bioanalysis however cyclization products of CPA metabolites might interfere, e.g. 4-keto CPA. In the present study possible formation of cyclization products of 4-keto CPA similar to CPA was monitored by Mass Spectrometry. Cyclization of 4-keto CPA in situ was demonstrated to occur, resulting in a product similar to that of CPA. Both cyclization products could be determined selectively and it appeared that in situ cyclization of 4-keto CPA was negligible (〈5%), probably owing to extra stabilization of the CPA metabolite by keto-enol tautomerism as has been demonstrated by NMR.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200141113
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of some deactivation methods for fused silica capillary columns by CP-MAS NMR and capillary gas chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 664-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; CP-MAS NMR ; Deactivation methods ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of deactivating a fused silica surface by silylation with 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-dimethylilazane (TPDMDS), triphenylsilylamine (TPSA), and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and by polydimethylsiloxane degradation (PSD) is studied. Rehydrated, dried, and deactivated Cab-O-Sil M5 samples are used as model materials for 29Si CP-MAS NMR analysis.At about 350 °C, TPDMDS yelds mainly diphenylmethylsiloxysilane, dimethyldisiloxysilane, and triphenylsiloxysilane groups. TPSA yields phenyltrisiloxysilane, diphenyldisiloxysilane, and triphenylsiloxysilane groups. At 400°C, the products formed initially are eventually replaced by methyltrisiloxysilane or phenyltrisiloxysilane groups, while a substantial number of silanol groups still remains. The possible consequences for wettability are discussed.D4 reacts with Cab-O-Sil even at 200°C, but a large number of silanol groups remains. This number decreases gradually at higher temperatures and becomes negligible above 400°C. The formation of methyltrisiloxysilane groups, which starts at 425°C, is predominant at 490°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081005
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A CP-MAS NMR study of some deactivation methods in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; CP-MAS NMR ; Silylation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of temperature, water content, and the type of reagent on the silylation of fused silica capillaries was studied by 29Si and 13C CP-MAS NMR. Fumed silica (Cab-O-Sil M5), which is essentially a highly dispersed vitreous quartz with a surface comparable to that of fused silica capillary columns, was selected as a model material.Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and 1,2-diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetraphenyldisilazane (DPTMDS), which were used as silylation reagents, yielded trimethyl- and dimethylphenylsilyl surface groups respectively at lower temperatures (〈 350°C and 〈250°C respectively). At higher temperatures, increasingly more dimethylsilyl groups are formed, with the silicon bound to two oxygen atoms. This process occurs for DPTMDS at a considerably lower temperature than for HMDS. The formation of silyl groups on the surface and the disappearance of hydroxyl groups are followed independently. The 13C NMR and GC-MS of the reaction products showed that with DPTMDS, the formation of two Si-O-Si links is accompanied by a loss of phenyl groups rather than of methyl groups.After the Cab-O-Sil had been dried over P2O5, the formation of these double links occurred for HMDS only at temperatures above 460°C and for DPTMDS at 400°C. Thus we concluded that water supplies oxygen atoms for double Si-O-Si links (possibly crosslinks) necessary for efficient deactivation. This may explain the less successful silanization of fused silica capillaries because their water content is lower than that of glass capillaries.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071102
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cardiac muscle in the pulmonary vein of the rat: A morphological and electrophysiological studyWork done in the Department of Morphology of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, and Institute of Biophysics of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Supported in part by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, grant 71/490 - médicas; by the Conselho de Pesquisas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, by the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brasil), and by Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econǒmico (Brasil) Contrato FUNTEC 143. (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 145 (1975), S. 409-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The pulmonary veins of albino Wistar rats were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The media of larger veins consists of cardiac muscle fibers which extend until the vessels attain about 100 μ in diameter. This coat consists of external longitudinal fibers and internal circular fibers. The vasa vasorum are well developed and the capillaries show pseudofenestrations. The numerous adrenergic and cholinergic nerve endings do not form typical motor end-plates as seen in skeletal muscles. The ultrastructure of these media muscle fibers is similar to that of rat hearts. The smooth muscle layer of larger pulmonary veins is not continuous as it is in smaller veins where it forms cushions. Comparisons of albino rats and other rodents reveal striking differences.Action potential shape and propagation velocity (0.5-1.2 m/s) along the myocardial coat of the pulmonary vein were similar to those observed in the left atrium and so was their sensitivity to locally applied acetylcholine. The physiological direction of propagation in rat pulmonary veins is toward the lung. This finding lends support to the hypothesis of a rhythmic, valve-like action of the striated musculature of the pulmonary venous wall during the systole and a possible role in the capacitance of the pulmonary circulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051450403
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of temperature on nucleotide pool formation in Tetrahymena pyriformis (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 81 (1973), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Warming of exponentially growing T. pyriformis to 34°C results in severe inhibition of nucleotide pool formation. The utilization of the pool for stable RNA synthesis is poorly affected at the high temperature. It thus appears that the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA precursors are not primarily impaired at 34°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040810203
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of oplopanonyl acetate isolated from Chamaecyparis pisifera (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 1030-1034 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Schlagwort(e): 2D NMR ; Oplopanonyl acetate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Oplopanonyl acetate was isolated from Chamaecyparis pisifera. Its structure and stereochemical features were established using NMR techniques.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260281207
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  • 7
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    Unbekannt
    Seventy-five genetic loci influencing the human red blood cell (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-12-12
    Beschreibung: Anaemia is a chief determinant of global ill health, contributing to cognitive impairment, growth retardation and impaired physical capacity. To understand further the genetic factors influencing red blood cells, we carried out a genome-wide association study of haemoglobin concentration and related parameters in up to 135,367 individuals. Here we identify 75 independent genetic loci associated with one or more red blood cell phenotypes at P 〈 10(-8), which together explain 4-9% of the phenotypic variance per trait. Using expression quantitative trait loci and bioinformatic strategies, we identify 121 candidate genes enriched in functions relevant to red blood cell biology. The candidate genes are expressed preferentially in red blood cell precursors, and 43 have haematopoietic phenotypes in Mus musculus or Drosophila melanogaster. Through open-chromatin and coding-variant analyses we identify potential causal genetic variants at 41 loci. Our findings provide extensive new insights into genetic mechanisms and biological pathways controlling red blood cell formation and function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623669/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623669/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Harst, Pim -- Zhang, Weihua -- Mateo Leach, Irene -- Rendon, Augusto -- Verweij, Niek -- Sehmi, Joban -- Paul, Dirk S -- Elling, Ulrich -- Allayee, Hooman -- Li, Xinzhong -- Radhakrishnan, Aparna -- Tan, Sian-Tsung -- Voss, Katrin -- Weichenberger, Christian X -- Albers, Cornelis A -- Al-Hussani, Abtehale -- Asselbergs, Folkert W -- Ciullo, Marina -- Danjou, Fabrice -- Dina, Christian -- Esko, Tonu -- Evans, David M -- Franke, Lude -- Gogele, Martin -- Hartiala, Jaana -- Hersch, Micha -- Holm, Hilma -- Hottenga, Jouke-Jan -- Kanoni, Stavroula -- Kleber, Marcus E -- Lagou, Vasiliki -- Langenberg, Claudia -- Lopez, Lorna M -- Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka -- Melander, Olle -- Murgia, Federico -- Nolte, Ilja M -- O'Reilly, Paul F -- Padmanabhan, Sandosh -- Parsa, Afshin -- Pirastu, Nicola -- Porcu, Eleonora -- Portas, Laura -- Prokopenko, Inga -- Ried, Janina S -- Shin, So-Youn -- Tang, Clara S -- Teumer, Alexander -- Traglia, Michela -- Ulivi, Sheila -- Westra, Harm-Jan -- Yang, Jian -- Zhao, Jing Hua -- Anni, Franco -- Abdellaoui, Abdel -- Attwood, Antony -- Balkau, Beverley -- Bandinelli, Stefania -- Bastardot, Francois -- Benyamin, Beben -- Boehm, Bernhard O -- Cookson, William O -- Das, Debashish -- de Bakker, Paul I W -- de Boer, Rudolf A -- de Geus, Eco J C -- de Moor, Marleen H -- Dimitriou, Maria -- Domingues, Francisco S -- Doring, Angela -- Engstrom, Gunnar -- Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur Ingi -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Fischer, Krista -- Galanello, Renzo -- Garner, Stephen F -- Genser, Bernd -- Gibson, Quince D -- Girotto, Giorgia -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel Fannar -- Harris, Sarah E -- Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa -- Hastie, Claire E -- Hedblad, Bo -- Illig, Thomas -- Jolley, Jennifer -- Kahonen, Mika -- Kema, Ido P -- Kemp, John P -- Liang, Liming -- Lloyd-Jones, Heather -- Loos, Ruth J F -- Meacham, Stuart -- Medland, Sarah E -- Meisinger, Christa -- Memari, Yasin -- Mihailov, Evelin -- Miller, Kathy -- Moffatt, Miriam F -- Nauck, Matthias -- Novatchkova, Maria -- Nutile, Teresa -- Olafsson, Isleifur -- Onundarson, Pall T -- Parracciani, Debora -- Penninx, Brenda W -- Perseu, Lucia -- Piga, Antonio -- Pistis, Giorgio -- Pouta, Anneli -- Puc, Ursula -- Raitakari, Olli -- Ring, Susan M -- Robino, Antonietta -- Ruggiero, Daniela -- Ruokonen, Aimo -- Saint-Pierre, Aude -- Sala, Cinzia -- Salumets, Andres -- Sambrook, Jennifer -- Schepers, Hein -- Schmidt, Carsten Oliver -- Sillje, Herman H W -- Sladek, Rob -- Smit, Johannes H -- Starr, John M -- Stephens, Jonathan -- Sulem, Patrick -- Tanaka, Toshiko -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Tragante, Vinicius -- van Gilst, Wiek H -- van Pelt, L Joost -- van Veldhuisen, Dirk J -- Volker, Uwe -- Whitfield, John B -- Willemsen, Gonneke -- Winkelmann, Bernhard R -- Wirnsberger, Gerald -- Algra, Ale -- Cucca, Francesco -- d'Adamo, Adamo Pio -- Danesh, John -- Deary, Ian J -- Dominiczak, Anna F -- Elliott, Paul -- Fortina, Paolo -- Froguel, Philippe -- Gasparini, Paolo -- Greinacher, Andreas -- Hazen, Stanley L -- Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta -- Khaw, Kay Tee -- Lehtimaki, Terho -- Maerz, Winfried -- Martin, Nicholas G -- Metspalu, Andres -- Mitchell, Braxton D -- Montgomery, Grant W -- Moore, Carmel -- Navis, Gerjan -- Pirastu, Mario -- Pramstaller, Peter P -- Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro -- Schadt, Eric -- Scott, James -- Shuldiner, Alan R -- Smith, George Davey -- Smith, J Gustav -- Snieder, Harold -- Sorice, Rossella -- Spector, Tim D -- Stefansson, Kari -- Stumvoll, Michael -- Tang, W H Wilson -- Toniolo, Daniela -- Tonjes, Anke -- Visscher, Peter M -- Vollenweider, Peter -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R -- Boomsma, Dorret I -- Beckmann, Jacques S -- Dedoussis, George V -- Deloukas, Panos -- Ferreira, Manuel A -- Sanna, Serena -- Uda, Manuela -- Hicks, Andrew A -- Penninger, Josef Martin -- Gieger, Christian -- Kooner, Jaspal S -- Ouwehand, Willem H -- Soranzo, Nicole -- Chambers, John C -- 092731/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097117/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 14136/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- CZB/4/505/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- ETM/55/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- G0600705/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700704/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0801056/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1000143/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1002084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9815508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HHSN268201100005C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100006C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100007C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100008C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100009C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100010C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100011C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201100012C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN271201100005C/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K12 RR023250/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106188470/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- N01AG12109/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL076491/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL098055/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 HL113452/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA165001/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053275/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042157/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059367/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL086694/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087641/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087679/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL088119/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103866/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103931/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM010098/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081802/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RG/09/012/28096/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- RL1 MH083268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM074518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004402/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084756/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U24 MH068457/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020278/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025005/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000439/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):369-75. doi: 10.1038/nature11677. Epub 2012 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. p.van.der.harst@umcg.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Erythrocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; *Genetic Loci ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; *Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of submicroscopic gold particles combined with video contrast enhancement as a simple molecular probe for the living cell (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): video-microscopy ; colloidal gold ; immunocytochemistry ; microtubules ; receptors ; saltatory motion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We describe a new approach to probe the molecular biology of the living cell that uses small colloidal gold particles coupled to specific ligands. They are visualized in cells by bright-field, video enhanced contrast microscopy. We describe the basic aspects of the technique and provide examples of applications to intracellular motility, cell membrane dynamics, receptor translocation, internalization, and intracellular routing. We also provide examples of the use of this approach in immunospecific labelling of cells and tissue sections.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060207
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of pipecolic acid in serum or plasma by solid-phase extraction and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 566-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The determination of pipecolic acid in serum or plasma by positive chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is assessed. This quantitative method involves stable isotope dilution and cation-exchange solid-phase extraction. Several derivatives of pipecolic acid and its octadeuterated analogue were investigated for their mass spectrometric characteristics. The beptafluorobutyric methyl ester derivatives afford optimal resolution on gas chromatography of biological extracts. Moreover, the derivatizing reagent (methanolic HCl) allows a combined elution and derivatization. Selected ion monitoring is performed on the [M + H]+ ions of both analyte and internal standard, at m/z 340 and 348, respectively. Serum or plasma samples from healthy subjects and patients suspected of peroxisomal diseases have been examined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180810
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleated assembly of mitotic microtubules in living PTK2 cells after release from nocodazole treatment (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1981), S. 469-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubules ; nucleation ; mitosis ; nocodazole ; immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The reassembly of microtubules is described in mitotic cells after release from nocodazole-induced block. The formation of microtubules was followed by light microscopic immunocytochemical staining using the PAP method, combined with to-luidine blue staining of the chromatin. The light microscopic observations on whole cells were compared with ultrastructural observations on thin sections. This step is essential to ascertain complete destruction of microtubules during the nocodazole treatment and to correlate immunocytochemical staining with the presence of microtubules.Removal of nocodazole (10 or 1 μg/ml) after a sufficiently long incubation to induce a complete disappearance of microtubules resulted in the appearance of tubulin staining specifically associated with the centromeres and with one or two isolated points in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed that the staining was due to the massive accumulation of small microtubules at the kinetochores and centrosomes. Kinetochore nucleation was seen only in association with condensed metaphase-stage chromosomes and not with the less-condensed prophase chromosomes.In a second type of experiment cells were allowed to enter mitosis in the presence of an incompletely active concentration of nocodazole (0.1 μg/ml). The construction of the mitotic spindle was arrested; however, short microtubules were assembled at the kinetochores and centrosomes.These experiments demonstrate that in living mitotic PTK2 cells the kinetochores, as well as the centrosomes, exert a nucleating action on tubulin assembly.The further elongation of microtubules after removal of nocodazole was seen to occur preferentially along axes between the centrosomes and the kinetochores. This resulted in the construction of normal metaphases that evolved through anaphase and telophase. We have attempted to formulate a hypothesis that may explain the oriented assembly that seems to be essential in the construction of the spindle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010407
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