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  • 1
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    Plants in space (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Virtually all scenarios for the long-term habitation of spacecraft and other extraterrestrial structures involve plants as important parts of the contained environment that would support humans. Recent experiments have identified several effects of spaceflight on plants that will need to be more fully understood before plant-based life support can become a reality. The International Space Station (ISS) is the focus for the newest phase of space-based research, which should solve some of the mysteries of how spaceflight affects plant growth. Research carried out on the ISS and in the proposed terrestrial facility for Advanced Life Support testing will bring the requirements for establishing extraterrestrial plant-based life support systems into clearer focus.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Current opinion in plant biology (ISSN 1369-5266); Volume 5; 3; 258-63
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) hardware will be a large growth volume plant habitat, capable of hosting multigenerational studies, in which environmental variables (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide level light intensity and spectral quality) can be tracked and controlled in support of whole plant physiological testing and Bio-regenerative Life Support System investigations.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: SP-2015-07-289-KSC , KSC-E-DAA-TN30973 , Space Symposium; Apr 11, 2016 - Apr 14, 2016; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Early Prototype Development of the Passive Orbital Nutrient Delivery System (PONDS) (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-30
    Description: Long-duration space missions will eventually require a fresh food supply to supplement crew diets, which means growing crops in space. The Passive Orbital Nutrient Delivery System (PONDS) is a new plant growth approach that contains both an area for a contained substrate and a reservoir for water and/or plant nutrient solutions. Ground studies have shown that the system facilitates both reliable water delivery to seeds for germination (e.g., while avoiding overwatering), and transport of water from the reservoir for improved plant growth while providing nutrients and oxygen to the root zone. In ground prototypes a capillary mat wicking material passively links the water/nutrient solution reservoir to a removable rooting module containing a substrate adapted to support plant growth. Oxygen permeable membranes are incorporated into both the reservoir walls and the rooting modules, bringing in oxygen from outside of the system into the reservoir and then into the rooting modules where the plant roots proliferate. Water is delivered from the reservoir to the substrate contained within the rooting module through the use of wicking material inserted into the plant growth substrate both from the bottom and from the sides of the rooting module. The capillary mat material is intrinsically hydrophilic and continuously wicks water to the substrate throughout the plant growth interval. The system is therefore self-watering in terms of supplying water to the root zone encompassed within the rooting module on demand. At the top, a hydrophilic phenolic foam plug surrounds the wick in the seed insertion zone, and both contains the substrate within the rooting module, and facilitates removal of excess moisture from the capillary mat wick before it can encompass seeds prior to germination. This work is supported by NASAs Space Life and Physical Sciences and Research Applications Division (SLPSRAD).
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN69736 , American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR) Meeting; Nov 20, 2019 - Nov 23, 2019; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Advanced Spacesuit Portable Life Support System Packaging Concept Mock-Up Design & Development (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A concentrated development effort was begun at NASA Johnson Space Center to create an advanced Portable Life Support System (PLSS) packaging concept. Ease of maintenance, technological flexibility, low weight, and minimal volume are targeted in the design of future micro-gravity and planetary PLSS configurations. Three main design concepts emerged from conceptual design techniques and were carried forth into detailed design, then full scale mock-up creation. "Foam", "Motherboard", and "LEGOtm" packaging design concepts are described in detail. Results of the evaluation process targeted maintenance, robustness, mass properties, and flexibility as key aspects to a new PLSS packaging configuration. The various design tools used to evolve concepts into high fidelity mock ups revealed that no single tool was all encompassing, several combinations were complimentary, the devil is in the details, and, despite efforts, many lessons were learned only after working with hardware.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: 99-ES-161 , ICES; Jul 01, 1999; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Vegetable Production System (Veggie) (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Vegetable Production System (Veggie) was developed by Orbital Technologies Corp. to be a simple, easily stowed, and high growth volume yet low resource facility capable of producing fresh vegetables on the International Space Station (ISS). In addition to growing vegetables in space, Veggie can support a variety of experiments designed to determine how plants respond to microgravity, provide real-time psychological benefits for the crew, and conduct outreach activities. Currently, Veggie provides the largest volume available for plant growth on the ISS.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: SP-2015-11-435-KSC , KSC-E-DAA-TN30929 , Space Symposium; Apr 11, 2016 - Apr 14, 2016; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin 4 inhibits murine osteoclast formation in vitro (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 47 (1991), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: calcitonin ; TRAP ; cAMP ; bone marrow cells ; ST-2 cells ; 11B11 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a product of activated T cells and mast cells with effects on immunologic and hematopoietic processes. We now report that IL-4 inhibits the formation of osteoclasts from murine bone marrow cells cocultured with stromal cells. Numerous (3,000-4,000 cells/2 cm2) tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells with the capacity to generate cAMP in response to salmon calcitonin (ED50 = 10-10 M) developed within 10-12 days of culture. IL-4 (ID50 = 10 U/ml) inhibited osteoclast generation in doses similar to those that induce proliferation of IL-4-responsive T cells. Additionally, the rat antimurine IL-4 monoclonal antibody 11B11 antagonizes the IL-4-inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation. These results suggest that IL-4 impedes agonist-induced in vitro bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240470313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane potentials of BHK (baby hamster kidney) cell line: Ionic and metabolic determinants (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transmembrane potential of cells from a continuous cell line (BHK-21) has been investigated by a combination of electrophysiological and flame photometric techniques. The ratio of sodium permeability to potassium permeability (PNa/PK) determined from membrane potentials recorded at varying external potassium concentrations was 0.082; from membrane potential measurements and the intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations of cells in 6.8 mM K+ media the value was 0.075. The PNa/PK ratio was not temperature dependent. Dinitrophenol (1 mM) did not significantly alter the membrane potential of cells incubated for one hour with the inhibitor. However, iodoacetate (1 mM) and sodium fluoride (30 mM) caused a significant depolarization during a one-hour incubation. Measurements of sodium and potassium concentrations during incubation at 4°C showed a decrease in internal potassium and an increase in internal sodium accompanied by a decreased membrane potential. Ion concentrations and membrane potentials were measured in cells recovering at 37°C following 24 hours at 4°C. Membrane potentials in excess of EK during the first ten minutes of recovery may indicate electrogenic pumping.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of potassium on the cell membrane potential and the passage of synchronized cells through the cell cycle (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 85 (1975), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cell membrane potential of cultured Chinese hamster cells is known to increase at the start of the S phase. The putative role of the cell membrane potential as a regulator of cell proliferation was examined by following the cell cycle traverse of synchronized Chinese hamster cells in the presence or absense of high exogenous levels of potassium. An increase in external potassium levels results in a depressed membrane potential and a reduced rate of cell proliferation. A potassium concentration of 115 mM was used in experiments with synchronized cells since at that level cell proliferation is almost completely halted, recovery of growth is rapid and complete, and the membrane potential is reduced to a level well below that normally found in cells in the G1 phase.A mitotic population was divided into four aliquots and plated in either control medium or medium containing 115 mM K+. Cells placed directly into high K+ medium were retarded in their exit from mitosis and displayed a delayed and abnormal entry into the S phase. If control medium was added after two hours, cell cycle traverse was normal, but delayed by two hours compared to control cells. If the mitotic cells were plated directly into control medium and two hours later were shifted to high K+ medium, the cells entered the S phase in the absence of the normally observed increase in membrane potential and proceeded to the next mitosis normally. It was concluded that the increase in membrane potential observed at the start of the S phase in isolated synchronized cells is not a requirement for the initiation of DNA synthesis. In addition, sensitivity to the high potassium regimen was found at two different times during the cell cycle. In one case, cells were impeded in their transit through mitosis. Such cells displayed an altered chromosome structure which may account for the partial mitotic block. In the second case, synchronized cells displayed a sensitivity to the high potassium regimen in early G1 which appeared to be separate from the block in mitosis and independent of a change in the membrane potential.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040850215
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on the use of Y-modulation imaging in studies of cuticular surfaces of larval (Philometridae) nematodes (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 311-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010310
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