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  • 1
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: CRABP ; retinoic acid ; collagen ; chondrocytes ; sternal cartilage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to rapidly modulate the collagen expression pattern of chondrocytes in vitro at doses of 1-10 μM. Embryonic chicken sternal chondrocytes stop synthesizing the cartilage-specific type II collagen within 2-4 days of RA treatment and turn on the synthesis of types I and III collagen and fibronectin. While suppression of type II collagen synthesis and onset of type III collagen and fibronectin synthesis have been shown to be regulated at the transcriptional level, conflicting data are available on a possible post-translational regulation of α1(I) collagen gene expression. In this study we demonstrate by comparing a commonly used α1(I) cDNA probe from the 3′ end of the α1(I) mRNA with a newly prepared α1(I) specific cDNA probe from the 5′ end (p1E1) that - in contrast to previous reports - chicken sternal chondrocytes do not contain untranslated α1(I) mRNA which may become translatable after RA treatment. By in situ hybridization we show the absence of cytoplasmic α1(I) mRNA from chondrocytes and its presence in the perichondrium of sternal cartilage. Perichondral cells might have contaminated sternal chondrocyte preparations, explaining low levels of α1(I) mRNA seen by Northern hybridization and RNase protection assays of chicken sternal cartilage mRNA even with the p1E1 probe. We show by Northern hybridization and metabolic labeling with 3H-proline followed by SDS-gel electrophoresis that retinoic acid at 3 μM suppresses type II, IX, and X collagen gene expression within 2 days both at the mRNA and protein level and induces the onset of α1(I), α2(I), and α1(III) expression within 3 days. No expression of CRABP, the cellular retinoic acid binding protein, was seen in RA-treated or control chondrocytes, indicating that CRABP protein is not involved in the RA-induced modulation of the chondrocytes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 58 (1995), S. 208-220 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: collagen binding protein ; calcium binding protein ; phospholipid binding protein ; endonexin II ; lipocortin V ; protein purification ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have cloned the full coding cDNA sequence of chicken annexin V and of a mutant lacking 8 amino acid residues of the N-terminal tail for prokaryotic expression. Both proteins were synthesized in Escherichia coli upon induction with isopropyl thio-β-D-galactoside, and were purified following two different protocols: one based on the ability of these proteins to interact reversibly with liposomes in the presence of calcium, and the other based on two sequential ion-exchange chromatographic steps. Spectroscopical analysis of recombinant annexin V revealed that binding of calcium did not change the circular dichroism spectra indicating no significant changes on the secondary structure; however, a conformational change affecting the exposition to the solvent of the tryptophan residue 187 was detected by analysis of fluorescence emission spectra. Recombinant annexin V binds with high affinity to collagen types II and X, and with lower affinity to collagen type I in a calcium-independent manner. Heat denaturing of collagen decreases this interaction while pepsin-treatment of collagen almost completely abolishes annexin V binding. Mutated annexin V interacts with collagen in a similar way as the nonmutated recombinant protein, indicating that the N-terminal tail of annexin V is not essential for collagen binding.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The test methods and data reduction techniques used to determine and remove instrumental signatures from Viking Lander camera radiometry data are described. Gain, offset, and calibration constants are presented in tables.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-155537 , JPL-PUB-77-62-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three types of aerosol were detected from observations of the Martian sky, Phobos, and the sun with the Viking imaging cameras. Atmospheric optical depths were derived from observations of the objects' brightness. Data on the absorption coefficient, mean size, and shape of aerosols were obtained from studies of the sky brightness, using a multiple-scattering computer code. The aerosol types were water ice ground fog, a higher-level ice cloud (polar hood), and soil particles suspended at heights up to 30 km. The properties of each type of aerosol are discussed. The data are subjected to thorough analysis, and the results are summarized.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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