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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4,779)
  • Chemical Engineering  (3,969)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3,744)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have compared the subcellular sites of H2O2 and presumably also superoxide-(O2-) production, and certain aspects of metabolic responses (O2 consumption, O2- production) of stimulated neutrophils from human blood and those elicited into guinea pig peritonea. Stimulation was accomplished with either opsonized zymosan or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Striking quantitative differences were observed between these cell types with regard to the increased respiration and O2- production observed during stimulation. These differences were most apparent when opsonized zymosan served as the stimulating agent. They were minimized when the soluble stimulating agent, PMA, was used. With either stimulus, the subcellular sites of H2O2 production were the same for both types of neutrophils, i.e., the plasmalemma and phagosomal membranes. No H2O2 production could be detected cytochemically in the absence of stimulation.Treatment of both unstimulated human blood and elicited guinea pig peritoneal neutrophils with the nonpenetrating, covalently linking reagent, p-diazobenzenesulfonic acid, failed to diminish O2- production upon subsequent stimulation, in contrast to a previous report. These data are discussed in terms of the possible cytological arrangements of the respiratory enzyme(s), and the different modes of stimulation of neutrophil metabolism by various agents. Ancillary data on elicited mouse peritoneal neutrophils are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Electrochemical synthesis ; nickel(II) complexes of Schiff bases ; 2,2′ bipyridine bis 2-(phenyl)-iminomethyl pyrrolato nickel(II) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Elektrochemische Synthese von Nickel(II)-Komplexen mit Schiffschen Basen: Kristallstruktur von 2,2′-Bipyridin-bis{2-[(phenyl)iminomethyl]pyrrolato}nickel(II)Die elektrochemische Oxidation von anodischem Nickel in einer Acetonitril-Lösung mit einer aus H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyd abgeleiteten Schiffschen Base, einem substituierten Anilin und einem Stickstoff-Liganden (1,10-Phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-Bipyridin (bipy) oder Pyridin (py)) liefert die gemischten Komplexe NiL2 · phen, NiL2 · bipy bzw. NiL2 · (py)2. Die Kristallstruktur von 2,2′-Bipyridin bis{2-[(phenyl)iminomethyl]-pyrrolato}nickel(II) wurde röntgenographisch bestimmt. Der. Komplex kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe P1, mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 12,316(1), b = 13,169(4), c = 17,251(3) Å, α = 82,67(3)°, β = 83,66(1)°, γ = 87,34(2)°, Z = 4; besteht aus monomeren Molekülen mit der zentralen NiN6-Einheit mit verzerrt oktaedrischer Geometrie.
    Notes: The electrochemical oxidation of anodic nickel in acetonitrile solution containing both (a) a Schiff base HL derived from H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde and a substituted aniline, and (b) a nitrogen ligand (1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) or pyridine (py)) yielded the mixed complexes NiL2 · phen, NiL2 · bipy and NiL2 · (py)2. The crystal structure of 2,2′-bipyridine bis{2-[(phenyl)iminomethyl]pyrrolato}nickel(II) was determined by X ray diffraction. Crystals are triclinic space group P1, with four molecules in the unit cell of dimensions a = 12.316(1), b = 13.169(4), c = 17.251(3) Å, α = 82.67(3)°, β = 83.66(1)° and γ = 87.34(2)°, and consist of monomeric molecules in which the central NiN6 unit has a distorted octahedral geometry.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 937-945 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models have been developed for the design of bubble column slurry reactors, wherein the solids take part in the reaction and follow the shrinking core model. The cases of liquid film control, ash diffusion control, and chemical reaction control have been analyzed. Experiments were performed in a 22.2 mm i.d. continuous cocurrent bubble column slurry reactor for the removal of pyritic sulfur by oxidation from aqueous slurries of Upper Freeport, Lower Freeport, Kentucky No. 9, and Pittsburgh seam coals, in the temperature range of 430-480°K at 6.8 MPa total pressure. The theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 619-627 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous published comparisons between fluidized-bed reactor models and experimental data have almost exclusively been in laboratory and pilot-plant scale equipment. This paper compares data obtained in an industrial phthalic anhydride reactor of 2. 13 m dia. using naphthalene as the feedstock with three models, the Kato and Wen bubble-assemblage model, the Kunii and Levenspiel three-phase bubbling-bed model, and Grace's two-phase bubbling-bed model. For the conditions of operation (U = 0.43 m/s, d̄p = 53 μm, H = 7.9 m, T = 636 K), all three models give similar predictions and each gives a good overall prediction of the conversion and selectivity if the reaction kinetics are based on the early study of DeMaria et al. (1961). Hydrodynamic parameters needed for the models are calculated from equations available in the literature. Grid and freeboard effects appear to play relatively minor roles in determining the overall conversion and yields for the reactor in question.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 834-839 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The perturbed-hard-chain model of Beret, Donohue, and Prausnitz, in the simplified version of Kim et al., is compared with recent VLE data on mixtures of ethane and n-alkanes with carbon numbers from 16 to 24. By using and extrapolating the linear relations between the three adjustable model parameters and the carbon number, as given by Kim et al., we find that the experimental isothermal bubble curves are well represented up to the critical pressure without the use of any adjustable parameters. Experimental Henry constants for ethane in eicosane are well predicted at all temperatures. We find this global model more accurate than the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation, even if the latter is fitted isotherm-by-isotherm to individual mixtures with temperature-dependent mixing parameters.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 312-323 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: plant cytoskeleton ; Chlamydomonas ; anti-IFA ; onion root tip cells ; immunoflurescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four monoclonal antibodies were raised against polypetides present in a highsalt detergent-insoluble fraction from cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of fibroblasts and epithelial cells grown in culture using these plant antibodies revealed staining arrays identical to those obtained with well characterised antibodies to animal intermediate filaments. Immunoflurescence microscopy of Chlamydomonas with these monoclonal antibodies and a monoclonal antibody that recognises all animal intermediate filaments (anti-IFA) gave a diffuse, patchy cytoplasmic staining pattern. Both the plant antibodies and anti-IFA stained interphase onion root tip cells in a diffuse perinuclear pattern. In metaphase through to telophase, the labelling patterns colocalised with those of microtubules. Labelling of the phragmoplast was also detected but not staining of the preprophase band. On Western blots of various animal cell lines and tissues, all the antibodies labelled known intermediate filament proteins. On Western blots of whole Chlamydomonas proteins, all the antiboides labelled a broad band in the 57,000 Mr range, and three antibodies labelled bands around 66,000 and 140,000 Mr but with varibale intensites. On Western blots of whole onion root tip proteins, all the antibodies labelled 50,0000 Mr (two to three bands) polypetides and a diffuse and around 60,000 Mr and three of the antibodies also labelled several polypeptides in the 90,000-200,000 Mr range. The consistent labelling of these different bands by several different monoclonal antibodies recognising animal intermediate filaments makes these polypetides putative plant intermediate filament proteins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transcriptional activation of c-fos in response to both serum stimulation and DNA damage requires the serum response element. The inability of in vitro aged or senescent fibroblasts to proliferate in response to serum has been shown to be associated with repressed c-fos expression and reduced AP-1 binding activity. In contrast, we have observed similar levels of c-fos mRNA and protein expression in young (early passage) and old (late passage) cells following their treatment with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Thus, the early events in the signal transduction pathway leading to transcriptional activation of c-fos following DNA damage are distinct from those mediating the gene's expression in response to mitogenic stimulation. Despite normal levels of c-fos expression, we observed a reduced level of AP-1 binding activity in old cells relative to young cells treated with UV irradiation or MMS. Reduced AP-1 binding activity is associated with reduced expression of the AP-1-dependent gene, collagenase, in old cells treated with DNA damaging agents. Since other DNA damage-inducible genes also contain an AP-1 regulatory element presumed to play a role in their expression, reduced AP-1 binding activity is likely to have a major impact on the old cell's ability to respond appropriately to DNA damage. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Articular chondrocytes from rheumatoid joints have been shown to express class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens that were correlated with the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the inflamed joint. Chondrocytes expressing MHC antigens function as antigens function as antigen presenting cells and thus stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. These responses suggest a powerful role for the IFN-γ stimulation of chondrocytes. The present studies were designed to examine the functional role of chondrocytes exposed to IFN-γ during cartilage degradation that occurs in synovial disease. Destruction of cartilage in arthritis is partially attributable to metalloproteinases released by the chondrocytes in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1). Bovine articular chondrocytes treated with interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) produced enhanced levels of stromelysin mRNA, however, Northern blots could not determine the percentage of cells responding. Exposure of bovine articular chondrocytes to IFN-γ induced the expression of bovine HLA-DR (boHLA-DR) antigen in 50% of the cells. Using a modified cell sorting technique, chondrocytes that expressed class II MHC antigens produced two fold greater stromelysin mRNA than chondrocytes that did not express this antigen. In contrast, collagen type II mRNA levels were similar in chondrocytes, regardless of the expression of class II MHC antigens. In situ hybridization studies showed that less than half of all cartilage chondrocytes were induced to synthesize stromelysin mRNA. These observations suggest that IFN-γ stimulates specific subpopulations of chondrocytes to be functionally active in inflammation-induced metalloprotease secretion. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 24 (1989), S. 205-218 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: oocyte aging ; immature oocytes ; oocyte maturation ; chromosome abnormalities ; in vitro fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It has been suggested that the abnormal maturation of the human oocyte during fertilization in vitro may result in chromosome imbalance and, induce embryonic loss. Using a mouse model, we have studied the influence of the degree of oocyte maturation (either immaturity or overmaturity) on the chromosome characteristics of embryos at the first-cleavage division. Immature oocytes were obtained 2-3 h or 3-4 h before the expected ovulation time (b.o.). Overmaturation was induced by aging the newly ovulated oocytes in vitro for 3,6, and 12 h. Our results show a significant decrease in the fertilization rate in the immature groups (65.53% at 2-3 h b.o. and 16.59% at 3-4 h b.o. vs. 78.22% at control) and after 12 h of in vitro aging (69.39%), while a significant increase of this parameter was found at 3 h of aging (82.59%) as compared to the other groups. No significant differences were found in the occurrence of aneup'.oidy or hypcrhaploidy in embryos obtained from immature, newly ovulated, and overmature oocytes. Finally, an increased incidence of polyploidy was detected in immature, 2-3 h b.o. (31.20%), and overmature, 3 h (23.04%) and 6 h (31.61%), groups as compared to the control group (14.59%).
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