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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the production of glutamine in cultured mouse cells (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 77 (1971), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glutamine synthetase activity of NCTC clone 929 mouse cells (strain L) was studied as a function of the prior nutritional experience of the cells. Small enzyme increases were recorded in response to either glutamine depletion or chronic serum supplementation of the growth medium. Somewhat greater increases resulted from the administration of cortisol or certain other steroids, particularly if the hormone treatment was combined with glutamine withdrawal. High concentrations of glutamate in the medium did not augment the glutamine synthetase content of the cells and even caused an apparent decrease in it. The presence of glutamine in the culture medium resulted in a fairly rapid rate of disappearance of the glutamine synthetase of previously induced cells. The data suggest that glutamine and cortisol act independently on the cells in regulating the level of the enzyme.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040770203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryology and cytodifferentiation of the pituitary gland in the lizard Anoiis carolinensis (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 144 (1974), S. 85-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Anolis embryos have limb buds at the time eggs are laid and require about 39 days to complete development at 28°C. Rathke's pouch is present at five days, and the subdivisions of the adenohypophysis are differentiated by ten days after oviposition. The cells of the rostral half of the pars distalis (PD) are derived from the anterior face of Rathke's pouch; cells of the caudal half from the posterior face. Lateral lobe cells differentiate on the lateral margins of the developing caudal PD, and knob-like outgrowths of this tissue attach to the walls of the diencephalon to form the pars tuberalis (PT). Subsequently, the cells of the PT lose their connection with the PD and become a pair of flattened oblong plaques. They reach maximal size in midincubation, and are gradually invaded by nervous elements and incorporated into the walls of the hypothalamus. Electron micrographs demonstrate that the embryonic PT is secretory.Ultrastructurally the pars intermedia (PI) and PD are composed of parenchymous secretory cells in a framework of stellate cells. Stellate cells surround the lumen of Rathke's pouch and are connected laterally by complex junctions that exclude the secretory cells from the luminal surface. They extend in sheet-like processes among the secretory cells to the outer margin of the gland where they form a partial sheath within the basal lamina around the secretory tissue. As development proceeds, the lumen becomes subdivided and the resulting reduced lumina are recognizable as the forerunners of the follicles of the adult adenohypophysis.The cells of the PI are differentiated into secretory or stellate cells halfway through incubation. At this time only half of the cells of the PD can be so classified. Four of the five granulated cell types described in the adult are recognizable by mid-incubation; the fifth cell type (prolactin cell) becomes distinguishable within ten days thereafter, and at hatching appears to be actively synthesizing secretory products.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051440106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some structural and cytochemical observations on the axial filament complex of lung-fluke spermatozoa (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 140 (1973), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: As seen in transverse section, doublet elements of the axial unit of spermatozoa of Haematolocchus medioplexus, a frog lung-fluke, possess walls made up of protofibrillar subunits 50-60 Å in diameter. The partition between A and B members of a doublet element often show extra protofibrils which may partially occlude the “lumen” of the A tubule. Each A tubule possesses outer and inner lateral arms which repeat at longitudinal intervals of about 215 Å and which appear to be structurally dissimilar; the outer arm is expanded at its free end and the inner arm often connects to the B tubule of the adjacent doublet element. Regularly-spaced radial links connect the central sheath of an inner core complex to the A tubules of the peripheral doublet elements. Tests for magnesium-activated ATPase activity provide evidence that the enzyme is associated with the surfaces of doublet elements and the surface of the central sheath. Finally, study of an axial unit which developed in an abnormal manner suggests that normal differentiation of an axial unit may depend on the elaboration of a core complex and radial links.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051400206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytotoxic effects of thiopyrimidinesThis investigation was supported in part by research grants T-414 and IN-89 from The American Cancer Society, and NIH FR-5541. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 78 (1971), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytotoxic action of 2-thiouracil, 2-thiocytosine, 2-thiouridine and 4-thiouridine was studied in cultures of a clone of Chinese hamster cells with a generation time of 16 hours (S  -  8 hours, G2  -  2 hours, and G1 plus M  -  6 hours). The cells were synchronized at metaphase by the method of reversal of colcemid inhibition and cell survival was measured by their colony-forming ability.The four analogs induced cytotoxic effects which increased with the concentration of the chemical and the length of the exposure time. Exposure to 4 × 10-4 M 2-thiocytosine, 2-thiouridine or 4-thiouridine for a period of 20 hours reduced cell survival to less than 10% of the controls. The other analog (2-thiouracil) was less effective when tested at similar concentrations and time of exposure and decreased the survival to only 35% of the controls.Short periods of treatment (one hour) produced little effect at concentrations of 4 × 10-5M, and affected the survival of cells differently when 4 × 10-4 M were administered at different stages of the cell cycle. Two peaks of maximum sensitivity, one at late G1 and the other at G2 were observed. These peaks correspond to the peaks of maximum RNA synthesis described for synchronized mammalian cells. Therefore, it is likely that the cytotoxic effects of thiopyrimidine analogs are related to interference with RNA synthesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040780105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow microfluorometric studies of lectin binding to mammalian cells. I. general featuresThis work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 81 (1973), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Flow microfluorometry has been used to quantitate cell-surface binding of fluorescein-conjugated lectins. Frequency distributions of total surface binding of Concanavalin A per cell were prepared for a variety of cultured cell populations, including established cell lines, virus-transformed lines and non-transformed parental lines. In the case of growing Chinese hamster cells (line CHO), much of the variability of Con A binding per cell could be related to variability of cell size. Experiments with cells synchronized by mitotic selection indicated that the modal surface density of binding sites was almost constant throughout the cell cycle. However, as indicated by inhibition of binding with α-methyl mannopyranoside and by the effect of trypsin, the sites on each cell were heterogeneous in chemical structure and/or exposure. Agglutinability of virus-transformed cell lines or trypsin-treated parental lines was demonstrated but could not be correlated closely with binding.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040810303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow microfluorometric studies of lectin binding to mammalian cells II. Estimation of the surface density of receptor sites by multiparameter analysisThis work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 84 (1974), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A flow-system multiparameter cell analyzer that simultaneously measures and processes fluorescence and cell volume signals from single cells was used to study the binding of fluorescein-conjugated Concanavalin A (Con A-F) to the cell surface. Cells reacted with Con A-F were passed through a flow chamber where sensors measured both cell volume and fluorescence of each individual cell. Sensor signals were electronically processed by first converting the cell volume signals to two-thirds power (proportional to surface area) and then forming the fluorescence-to-surface area ratio. These ratios, which were considered as estimates of the surface density of binding sites, were displayed as frequency distribution histograms using a multichannel pulse-height analyzer for various cell populations differing in cell size. Comparisons between cell lines showed characteristic differences in binding site density. Cell cycle dependent changes were not found for CHO cells synchronized by mitotic selection. An important benefit of this analysis method was the ability to quantitate very weak cell surface fluorescence.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040840206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of cellular adhesiveness by sulfhydryl blocking agents (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 78 (1971), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat hepatoma cells rapidly adhered to the polystyrene surfaces of culture bottles. The adhesiveness of the cells was inhibited by sulfhydryl blocking reagents including mercurials, arsenicals, and alkylating agents. Inhibition was prevented, and in some cases reversed, by the addition of dithiothreitol to the adhesive medium. The current model explaining cellular adhesion is discussed in the light of these observations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040780119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. XV. Evidence for linkage between human genes for lactic dehydrogenase B and serine hydroxymethylaseThis investigation is a contribution from the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Biophysics and Genetics (495), University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, and was aided by U.S. Public Health Service grant 5 P01 HD02080 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chinese hamster ovary cells with a deficiency in Serine Hydroxymethylase which produces a specific glycine auxotrophy (gly- A) were fused with human cells from a variety of sources and the resulting hybrids analyzed for human gene linkage. Of 102 hybrid clones examined 65 possessed both glyA and lactic dehydrogenase B markers, 35 possessed neither marker. Two clones were found with altered glycine responses which were not linked to LDH-B. The data indicate linkage between genes responsible for serine hydroxymethylase activity and lactic dehydrogenase B. Evidence for absence of linkage between these and a variety of other genes is also presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800217
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum dependent growth of primary cultured differentiated fetal rat hepatocytes in arginine-deficient medium (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 81 (1973), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer cultures multiply in arginine-deficient medium. Both the “recovery efficiency” and the final cell density of the cultured cells are proportional to the concentration (0-15%, v/v) of dialyzed fetal bovine serum in the medium. Stationary-phase cells divide again following addition of fresh serum to the culture. After two to three generations of growth, the chromosome number of these cells remains diploid [2N = 42].Cross-feeding (of a subpopulation of arginine-requiring liver-derived cells by parenchymal arginine-synthesizing cells) and cellular degradation of various serum proteins do not account for sources of arginine required for cell multiplication in this culture system. Because these cultured hepatocytes utilize ornithine for arginine biosynthesis, and because ornithine enhances the rate and the amount of cell multiplication, it is more likely that the multiplying cells are parenchymal arginine-synthesizing hepatocytes.At least two classes of serum factors are required for the growth of cultured fetal rat hepatocytes: one stimulates cell multiplication; the other is required for cellular survival and/or attachment to the culture dish. These factors have been partially separated by fractionation with ammonium sulfate; they are non-dialyzable, heat labile, and sensitive to changes in pH.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040810114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of the mechanism of decreased tumorigenicity of cells grown in BrdU (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 81 (1973), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transplantable SV40-transformed hamster cells cultivated in the presence of low concentrations of BrdU for prolonged periods of time and cells made deficient in the enzyme thymidine kinase (dTK) by continued exposure to BrdU became less tumorigenic. In both instances, when grown in BrdU the cells contained analog substituted DNA. The tumorigenicity of dTK+ cells exposed to low concentrations of BrdU, but not the dTK- cells, returned to control values when the cells were grown in medium devoid of BrdU. A tumorigenic mouse cell line made dTK deficient also had diminished oncogenicity. However, transformed hamster cells made deficient in another salvage pathway enzyme, hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl-transferase by growth in eight azaguanine, retained their tumorigenicity. Two of five revertant cell lines, in which thymidine kinase activity was restored, transplanted more readily to hamsters than the dTK- cells from which they were derived. It is concluded that there is a relative loss of tumorigenicity when BrdU is incorporated into the DNA of tumorigenic cell lines, or when there is a genetic modification of thymidine kinase activity.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040810209
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