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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (205)
  • GENERAL
  • 1975-1979  (179)
  • 1955-1959  (57)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salivary gland development in the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 149 (1976), S. 459-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The salivary gland of adult Calliphora erythrocephala is a tubular structure composed of secretory, reabsorptive, and duct regions. Development of these structures has been followed during the six days of larval and ten days of pupal growth. Two small groups of imaginal cells located at the junction between larval gland and duct give rise to the adult gland. These presumptive adult cells divide during all larval stages and appear to be functional components of the larval gland. Shortly after pupation, the larval gland breaks down and the imaginal cells proliferate rapidly, forming sequentially the duct, reabsorptive and secretory regions. Proliferating regions of the developing gland are frequently encrusted with haemocytes. As it elongates the gland establishes intimate contacts first with the basement membrane of the degenerating larval gland, later with an epithelial layer surrounding the main dorsal tracheal trunks, and then with the gut. Cell division continues until about five days after pupation, bu t the gland is unable to secrete fluid in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine stimulation until two hours after the adult fly emerges. The Golgi complex appears to be involved in forming the highly folded membranes of the canaliculi in the secretory region.Presumptive adult salivary gland cells appear to increase in number logarithmically from the time of hatching of the larva until five days after pupation. This contrasts with the development of classical imaginal discs, in which cell division ceases prior to pupation.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051490403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanics of the syrinx in Gallus gallus. II. Electromyographic studies of Ad Libitum vocalizations (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 152 (1977), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Records of electrical activity in the tracheal muscles of domestic chickens were obtained for a variety of ad libitum vocalizations. Primary attention was given to an analysis of events during the most complex call, crowing.Three pairs of muscles, Mm. tracheohyoideus, tracheolateralis, and sternotrachealis, can affect the configuration of a chicken's syrinx. The firing patterns of the three muscle pairs are related to their different abilities to affect the tension of the syringeal membranes. The influence of M. tracheohyoideus is most indirect and imprecise, and its role the least clearly defined. It appears to adjust the position of the trachea so that the syrinx is isolated from unpredictable and/or undesirable consequences of nuchal position and tracheal elasticity, and also helps draw the glottis caudad, thereby deepening the pharyngeal chamber. The other two muscles interact to control the tension of the vocal membranes. M. sternotrachealis relaxes the membranes by drawing the drum of the trachea caudad, or, via the syringeal ligament, by rotating the pessulus cranioventrad, or both. M. tracheolateralis tenses the membranes and/or prevents caudal movement of the origin of M. sternotrachealis, a necessity if the syringeal ligament is to rotate the pessulus.Vocalization depends on both syringeal configuration and appropriate air flow. Hence, tracheal muscles, syrinx, air sacs, and ventilatory muscles cooperate to form a vocal system. Cooperation elicits a surprising degree of redundancy. At least one call, a high pitched wail, may be produced by two very different techniques.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051520102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centrifugal elutriation: Separation of spermatogenic cells on the basis of sedimentation velocity (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 86 (1975), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Various types of cells from the testes of mice and hamsters were separated according to differences in sedimentation velocity by centrifugal elutriation, a counterflow centrifugation technique. Approximately 3 × 108 cells, prepared from six mouse testes or from one hamster testis, were separated into 11 fractions in less than two hours as compared to the 4-5 hours required for sedimentation at unit gravity (“Staput”). Fractions enriched in elongated spermatids and spermatozoa (100%), stages 1-8 spermatids (69%) and pachytene spermatocytes (58%) were obtained from mouse testis dispersions. Similarly enriched fractions were obtained from hamster cells. A single fraction enriched in stages 1-8 spermatids (mouse) was prepared in less than 30 minutes. As many as 2 × 109 cells were separated in a single procedure. Spermatogenic cells exhibited no evidence of structural damage with trypan blue and phase microscopy, and recovery was essentially 100%. Centrifugal elutriation had no effect on sperm motility or on the plating efficiency of CHO cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040860119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociation of plasminogen activator from the transformed phenotype in a 5-Bromodeoxyuridine dependent mutant of syrian hamster melanoma cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between plasminogen activator levels and the expression of the transformed phenotype was studied in a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) dependent mutant of Syrian hamster melanoma cells. In terms of cell morphology and cellular interactions, the BrdUrd dependent cells resemble transformed cells when grown in the presence of BrdUrd but resemble untransformed cells when grown in the absence of BrdUrd. It was found that the BrdUrd dependent cells release significant levels of plasminogen activator only when cultured in the absence of BrdUrd. In the presence of BrdUrd, the release of plasminogen activator by the dependent cells is suppressed, and the decreased level of plasminogen activator released in the presence of BrdUrd seems to be due to decreased production of active enzyme. Growth tests revealed that the BrdUrd dependent cells, when attached to a substrate, required BrdUrd in order to attain high densities. Furthermore, the cells are able to grow well in soft agar only in the presence of BrdUrd. These results suggest that the production and release of high levels of plasminogen activator are not related (either as cause or effect) to the expression of the transformed phenotype in the BrdUrd dependent cellsThe effect of dog serum (as a plasminogen source) on the BrdUrd dependent cells also was tested. It was found that cells cultured in medium containing dog serum exhibit a morphological alteration, but only in the absence of BrdUrd. The morphological response of the cells to dog serum resembles that previously observed with virus-transformed cells. In the BrdUrd dependent cells, the morphological response to dog serum appears correlated with the release of plasminogen activator but separated from other transformed characteristics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow microfluorometric analysis of sperm DNA content: Effect of cell shape on the fluorescence distribution (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 87 (1976), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The DNA content of individual sperm from populations of acriflavine-stained cells was investigated by analysis of fluorescence frequency distributions obtained with high-resolution flow-systems instruments. Sperm with spherical or cylindrical heads from three mollusk species produce narrow, symmetric fluorescence distributions. Flat sperm heads from six eutherian species produce asymmetric distributions consisting of a peak with a lateral extension to higher fluorescence values. The unexpected shape of these distributions was shown to be due to the flat geometry and high refractive index of the sperm heads in conjunction with the orthogonal axes of flow, excitation, and detection in the flow-systems instruments. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the lateral extension can be eliminated either by controlling the sperm orientation with planar flow conditions or by accounting for sperm orientation by means of orientation sensing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040870312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colloidal iron hydroxide-binding to the surfaces of chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by wild-type and a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 91 (1977), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The densities of colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) particles binding to the surfaces of chick embryo fibroblasts were determined before and after transformation with wild type Rous sarcoma virus and a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of this virus. On the basis of in vitro behavior, cells transformed by the ts virus manifest a malignant phenotype at 36°C (permissive temperature) and appear normal at 41°C (non-permissive temperature). At the permissive temperatures there is a significant increase in CIH particle-binding to spaces of cell surface between microvilli on the wild type and ts transformed cells. At the non-permissive temperature this significant increase in binding is only observed on the wild type transformant, while the density found on the ts transformant is not significantly different from the untransformed state. Therefore, in vitro characteristics of normalcy and malignancy are reflected in changes in the CIH binding properties of the cell surface spaces between microvilli.The CIH densities observed on the microvilli are significantly different from the density on the spaces between them for each of the classes of cells studied at either temperature. The microvilli are found to bind a lower density of particles in five of the six cases. No correlations between microvilli particle density and transformation to in vitro malignant characteristics were observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040910302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tobacco smoke on the metabolism and function of rat alveolar macrophagesPresented in part at the 1976 meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alveolar macrophages harvested by bronchopulmonary lavage from rats exposed to tobacco smoke for 30 days (“smokers”) showed alterations in oxidative metabolism, lactate production and phagocytosis of inert starch particles when compared with control macrophages. Phagocytosis of viable Staphylococcus aureus was unaffected by tobacco smoke. Glucose oxidation measured by conversion of glucose-1-14C to 14CO2 was moderately affected while oxidation of glucose-6-14C to 14CO2 was not. Smokers routinely yielded fewer cells than controls, though these cells contained approximately 17% more protein than did controls. Opsonization of particles was not necessary for macrophages from either smoker or control animals to manifest a respiratory burst and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release during phagocytosis. The glycolytic inhibitors, sodium fluoride and iodoacetamide, while effectively blocking glycolysis, did not inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages from either group. The results reported clearly distinguish alveolar macrophages from other phagocytic cells (peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and suggest a state of non-specific activation caused by exposure to tobacco smoke.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hexose on chloramphenicol sensitivity and resistance in chinese hamster cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The toxicity and extent of growth inhibition produced by chloramphenicol (CAP) in CAPs Chinese hamster cells (line V79-5) was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of hexose in the medium. In high levels of glucose (6.5 mM), cultures of CAPs cells underwent 7-8 population doublings in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP and viability then dropped rapidly. In contrast, lower concentrations of glucose (1.0 mM) permitted only limited growth (2-3 doublings) in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP, but the cells remained viable and apparently quiescent for prolonged periods of time. The growth potential of V79-5 cells in CAP appeared specifically dependent on glucose, as mannose and galactose could not substitute for glucose. The toxicity of CAP to these cells seemed to be determined primarily by the number of cell doublings in the presence of the drug.A CAPR derivative of V79-5, designated 5-3, was analyzed in order to determine whether the requirement for glucose for cell growth in the presence of CAP also occurred in cells that were isolated as resistant to the drug. In order to rigorously control the hexose in the medium, some experiments were performed with medium containing dialysed, instead of whole, fetal calf serum. It was seen that the growth of the CAPR line in the presence (but not the absence) of 100 μg/ml CAP was dependent on glucose in the medium. Thus, resistance to CAP in these cells appears to be a conditional state, dependent on glucose for expression. Furthermore, the glucose auxotrophy of these cells in the presence of CAP suggests that CAP is still affecting some activities in cells isolated as CAPR.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980321
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunocytochemical localization of the cortical granule lectin in fertilized and unfertilized eggs of xenopus laevis (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 1 (1978), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: immunoperoxidase localization ; fertilization ; Xenopus laevis ; cortical reaction ; block to polyspermy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: At fertilization, the vitelline envelope surrounding the egg of Xenopus laevis is modified by the addition of an electron-dense component termed the “F layer.” The F layer functions as a block to polyspermy and as a block to the escape of macromolecules from the perivitelline space, thereby causing an osmotically driven envelope elevation. F-layer formation has been hypothesized to result from interaction between a cortical-granule lectin, released in the cortical reaction, and a jelly-coat ligand. Evidence for this hypothesis was sought by determining the location of the cortical-granule lectin both before and after fertilization, using a specific antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The cortical-granule lectin was localized only in the cortical granules of the unfertilized egg and was located predominantly in the perivitelline space and the F layer of a fertilized egg. These observations support the hypothesis that the F layer is formed by a cortical-granule-Iectin-jelly layer-ligand interaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120010104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Bonellin on fertilization and cleavage of the eggs of the sea urchin, sphaerechinus granularis (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: Bonellin ; Bonellia viridis ; Sphaerechinus granularis ; fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have studied the structural changes occurring in the eggs of the sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis treated with bonellin, the green pigment of the sea worm Bonellia viridis, which is responsible for the masculinization of the larva of this animal. The two major targets of bonellin appear to be the cortical structures and the nuclear membrane, while the mitochondria do not appear to be affected. As a result of bonellin treatment, cleavage is prevented while nuclear divisions proceed. The possibility is discussed that the alteration of the cortical structures may interfere with the assembly of the surface microfilaments and hence with the formation of the cleavage furrows.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120020308
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