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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 18 (1991), S. 204-214 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin-binding ; muscle ; Z-line ; capping ; isoform ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chicken adult muscle and liver cDNA libraries were screened with a cDNA, α1, previously isolated from a chicken embryo library by screening with antibodies against the α subunit of chicken CapZ. cDNAs with a new coding region, called α2, were found in addition to ones with the α1 coding region. α2 predicts a protein sequence that matches exactly the N-terminal sequence of 5 peptides prepared from CapZ α purified from chicken muscle, while the protein sequence predicted by α1 matches the peptides well, but not exactly. The predicted protein sequences of α1 and α2 are very similar to each other, and they are similar to those of the α subunit of capping protein from Dictyostelium [Hartmann et al., J. Biol. Chem. 163:5254-5254, 1989] and an actin-binding protein from Xenopus [Ankenbauer et al., Nature 342:822-824, 1989]. Other conserved features of the predicted primary and secondary structures are noted. Chicken α1 and α2 are transcribed in all of 7 adult chicken muscle and non-muscle tissues in comparable amounts by Northern analysis. α2 has four poly(A)+ RNA transcripts, one of which is rare in liver. α1 has two transcripts. α1 and α2 are encoded by different single-copy genes by Southern analysis of chicken genomic DNA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human bone marrow stromal cells repond to stimulation by the monokines IL-1 and TNF by producing colony-stimulating factors such as GM-CSF and G-CSF. In this study we show that IL-1α and TNFα act synergistically to stimulate GM-CSF and G-CSF production by cultured marrow stromal cells. We further show that IL-1α and TNFα synergistically stimulate production of GM-CSF and G-CSF by a clonal stroma-derived cell strain. Although IL-1 and TNF share many of the same biological activities, we show that IL-1α and TNFα have an unequal ability to induce myeloid-CSF production by both cultures, with IL-1α being the more potent inducer. We found that induction by IL-1α and TNFα was independent of cell proliferation. The effect of IL-1α and TNFα on production of the two myeloid-CSFs by the clonal cells was significantly greater than the unfractionated passaged stromal cultures, having the greater effect on G-CSF production. The clonally derived stromal cells constitutively produced colony-stimulating activity, in particular GM-CSF, at levels easily detected by ELISA. These findings show that, in addition to the overlapping and additive activities of IL-1α and TNFα, they can interact synergistically. Our findings further suggest that a small subpopulation of stroma cells may be the major producer of G-CSF in the marrow microenvironment during immune response. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The metabolic function and GM-CSF production rates of adherent human bone marrow stromal cells were investigated as functions of medium and serum feeding rates. A range of medium exchange schedules was studied, ranging from a typical Dexter culture protocol of one weekly medium exchange to a full media exchange daily, which more closely approximates what bone marrow cells experience in situ. Glucose consumption was found to be significantly higher at full daily exchange rate than at any other exchange schedule examined. However, the lactate yield on glucose was a constant, at 1.8 mol/mol, under all conditions considered. Differential serum vs. medium exchange experiment showed that both serum supply and medium nutrients were responsible for the altered behavior at high exchange rates. Glutamine consumption was found to be insignificant under all culture conditions examined. A change in exchange schedule from 50% daily medium exchange to full daily medium exchange after 14 days of culture was found to result in a transient production of GM-CSF and a change in metabolic behavior to resemble that of cultures which had full daily exchange from day one. These results suggest that both stromal cell metabolism and GM-CSF production are sensitive to medium exchange schedules. Taken together, the data presented indicate that attempts to model the function of human bone marrow in vitro may be well served by beginning with medium exchange schedules that more closely mimic the in vivo physiologic state of bone marrow.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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