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  • 1
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    El-Boustani et al. reply (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉El-Boustani, Sami -- Wilson, Nathan R -- Runyan, Caroline A -- Sur, Mriganka -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 3;508(7494):E3-4. doi: 10.1038/nature13130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Division and subtraction by distinct cortical inhibitory networks in vivo (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-11
    Description: Brain circuits process information through specialized neuronal subclasses interacting within a network. Revealing their interplay requires activating specific cells while monitoring others in a functioning circuit. Here we use a new platform for two-way light-based circuit interrogation in visual cortex in vivo to show the computational implications of modulating different subclasses of inhibitory neurons during sensory processing. We find that soma-targeting, parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons principally divide responses but preserve stimulus selectivity, whereas dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons principally subtract from excitatory responses and sharpen selectivity. Visualized in vivo cell-attached recordings show that division by PV neurons alters response gain, whereas subtraction by SOM neurons shifts response levels. Finally, stimulating identified neurons while scanning many target cells reveals that single PV and SOM neurons functionally impact only specific subsets of neurons in their projection fields. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibitory neuronal subclasses have distinct and complementary roles in cortical computations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653570/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653570/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Nathan R -- Runyan, Caroline A -- Wang, Forea L -- Sur, Mriganka -- R01 EY007023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018648/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):343-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11347.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Electrophysiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Orientation maps of subjective contours in visual cortex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Responses to subjective contours in visual cortical areas V1 and V2 in adult cats were investigated by optical imaging of intrinsic signals and single-unit recording. Both V1 and V2 contain maps of the orientation of subjective gratings that have their basis in specific kinds of neuronal responses to subjective orientations. A greater proportion of neurons in V2 than in V1 show a robust response to subjective edges. Through the use of subjective stimuli in which the orientation of the luminance component is invariant, an unmasked V1 response to subjective edges alone can be demonstrated. The data indicate that the processing of subjective contours begins as early as V1 and continues progressively in higher cortical areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheth, B R -- Sharma, J -- Rao, S C -- Sur, M -- EY07023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2110-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. msur@wccf.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Cats ; *Form Perception ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Light ; Neurons/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Orientation selectivity of cortical neurons during intracellular blockade of inhibition (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-05
    Description: Neurons in the primary visual cortex of the cat are selectively activated by stimuli with particular orientations. This selectivity can be disrupted by the application of antagonists of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to a local region of the cortex. In order to determine whether inhibitory inputs are necessary for a single cortical neuron to show orientation selectivity, GABA receptors were blocked intracellularly during whole cell recording. Although the membrane potential, spontaneous activity, subfield antagonism, and directional selectivity of neurons were altered after they were perfused internally with the blocking solution, 18 out of 18 neurons remained selective for stimulus orientation. These results indicate that excitatory inputs are sufficient to generate orientation selectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, S -- Toth, L -- Sheth, B -- Sur, M -- EY06363/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY07023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):774-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8047882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cats ; Cesium/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Fluorides/pharmacology ; Form Perception/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Picrotoxin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/drug effects/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Retinogeniculate terminations in cats: morphological differences between X and Y cell axons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: We injected horseradish peroxidase into single, physiologically identified, optic tract axons of X and Y cells in cats and studied their termination patterns in the lateral geniculate nucleus. All X cell axons innervate lamina A or A1 in narrow zones, and some sparsely innervate the medical interlaminar nucleus. All Y cell axons have broad terminal zones in laminae A and C (from the contralateral retina) or lamina A1 (if ipsilateral), and most innervate the medial interlaminar nucleus densely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sur, M -- Sherman, S M -- EY 03038/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/cytology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Retina/cytology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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