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  • Campoletis sonorensis  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro rearing of Campoletis sonorensis, a larval endoparasitoid of Heliothis virescens from egg to third instar in an artificial medium devoid of insect sources (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 263-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: in vitro rearing ; Campoletis sonorensis ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; artificial medium ; sugars ; amino acids ; proteins ; luminosity ; medium volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Campoletis sonorensis is a solitary larval endoparasitoid of several Heliothis spp. pests. This study was carried out to develop media devoid of insect sources for in vitro rearing the parasitoid. Trehalose, lysine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, hydroxyproline, serine, bovine serum albumin, and lactalbumin were beneficial to C. sonorensis. Addition of fresh chicken egg yolk at a low level improved the artificial media. Addition of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased the molting rate, reduced the critical size at molt and decreased development time. Parasitoid development in vitro was dependent on eggs that had been in the host for at least 22 h. Luminosity was also critical for the development of C. sonorensis in vitro. Optimal development occurred in a L14:D10 photoperiod at 43 Lux light intensity. Utilizing the best media and conditions, 100% of the parasitoid larvae reached the second instar and over 37% molted to the third instar. However, no further development occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003154918980
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wind tunnel flight responses by hymenopterous parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis to cotton cultivars and lines (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: parasitoid ; Campoletis sonorensis ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum ; habitat location ; flight ; wind tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) est attiré par diverses plantes et manifeste une forte attraction pour le coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Le vol étant certainement le moyen utilisé lors de la détection d'habitats chez ce parasitoïde, un test biologique en tunnel de vol a été développé pour évaluer ces réponses de détection d'habitat chez des femelles deC. sonorensis en présence de coton. Des essais comparatifs ont montré l'existence de vols orientés vers le coton mais non vers des sources inertes, et, sur le coton, les vols ont été plus nombreux vers les plantes avec glandes que vers celles sans glande. Ces résultats sont apparus consistents sur trois paires de lignées avec et sans glandes. Le coton dépourvu de glande ne possède pas, ou seulement en faibles quantités, les terpènes volatils présent en quantités abondantes dans le coton avec glandes. Ce fait peut donc être reponsable des différences de comportement de vol observé envers les deux types de coton. Lors d'essais comparatifs, un nombre de parasitoïdes significativement supérieur a volé vers le cultivarG. hirsutum L. Tamcot CAMD-E par rapport aux espèces diploîdesG. arboreum etG. anomalum. Les cotons diploîdes manquent de certains terpènes volatils démontré attractifs pourC. sonorensis et ces différences peuvent expliquer les résultats observés. Des changements significatifs de réponse des parasitoïdes peuvent donc naître des variations de composition chimiques résultant de pression de sélection naturelles ou artificielles.
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis females to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaf odor sources was examined in a wind tunnel bioassay. Parasitoids exhibited oriented flights to cotton but not to inert sources, and flew in significantly greater proportion to glanded cotton when compared to glandless cotton in choice tests. A relative lack of volatile terpenes in glandless cotton may account for response differences. Significantly more parasitoids flew to theG. hirsutum cultivar Tamcot CAMD-E than to the diploid cottonsG. arboreum andG. anomalum in choice tests. Differences in volatile chemical composition of the diploid cottons may account for these results. The data are discussed with regard to host habitat location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629316
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging behavior of Campoletis sonorensis in response to Heliothis virescens and cotton plants (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Heliothis virescens ; cotton ; potential host community location ; host location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les comportements d'évaluation de l'effectif d'hôtes potentiels et de la position des hôtes par C. sonorensis (Hyméno.: Iccheumonidae) ont été quantifiés pour déterminer les séquences significatives des événements comportementaux. La localisation de la colonie potentielle d'hôtes est apparue comme une séquence régulière des événements comportementaux. Une fois que le parasitoïde a localisé une colonie potentielle, on a constaté que la recherche au hasard des hôtes se poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'il ait la démonstration qu'il s'agit d'une plante attaquée. La localisation par le parasitoïde d'un hôte certain a consitué une autre séquence régulière des événements comportementaux terminant la localisation de l'hôte. L'influence de pieds de coton intacts, de pieds abîmés mécaniquement et de pieds occupés par des chenilles du 3ème stade de l'hôte et de plantes dont les chenilles ont été retirées juste avant l'expérience a été déterminée en modifiant la composition du complexe hôte/plante. Des femelles naïves de C. sonorensis ont montré en présence de pieds de coton intacts apparemment toutes les séquences comportementales de vol impliquées dans la localisation d'une colonie potentielle d'hôtes. Une fois que le parasitoïde a atteint la colonie potentielle d'hôtes, la présence de dégâts de l'hôte n'a pas modifié le temps passé sur la plante, mais a modifié le temps consacré à la prospection.
    Notes: Abstract Wind tunnel flight behavior of inexperienced female Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae) in response to its larval host Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on the host plant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is described. The flight behavioral sequence was determined by quantification of frequencies of observed behaviors and probabilities of first-order behavioral transitions. Comparison of inexperienced C. sonorensis flights to undamaged and damaged cotton indicated that stimuli from undamaged plants alone are adequate to elicit the complete flight behavioral sequence observed in response to H. virescens feeding on cotton. Parasitoid foraging behavior was also analyzed after landing on the stimulus. This behavior appeared to be random in its initial stages, but became sequential after location of evidence of a host. Analysis of foraging on undamaged and 3 treatments of damaged cotton resulted in the determination that parasitoids tend to remain on damaged plants longer than undamaged plants although no significant difference was detected. C. sonorensis spent a greater percentage of their time foraging on host damaged plants than on undamaged plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative flight behavior of parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis croceipes (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis virescens ; Gossypium hirsutum ; wind tunnel ; bioassay ; Hymenoptera ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le comportement de vol de M. croceipes Cres. (Hym. Braconidae) et de C. sonorensis Cam. (Hym. Icheumonidae) a été étudié en olfactométrie dans un tunnel à vent. Les femelles des deux espèces, et non les mâles, ont un vol orienté par l'odeur des feuilles fraîches de coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). La fréquence d'envol est liée aux changements de vitesse du vent, aux variations d'émissions, par le cotonnier, des substances volatiles, en fonction de la vitesse du vent, ou aux deux. La fréquence d'envol à vitesse de vent constante dépend de l'éclairage. La fréquence d'envol de C. sonorensis augmente avec des intensités lumineuses relativement fortes et diminue avec des intensités relativement faibles. L'inverse est observé avec M. croceipes. Le vent chargé d'odeurs de larves ou d'extréments d'Heliothis virescens F., attire M. croceipes et non C. sonorensis. Nous suggérons une éventuelle interaction des odeurs portées par le vent et provenant de l'habitat et de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract Flight behavior of parasitoids Microsplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Ichneumonidae) was examined in a wind tunnel. Both species exhibited odor directed, oriented flights to cotton, although flight frequency was related to variation in wind velocity or differential cotton volatile emission with changes in wind velocity, or both. Flight frequency at constant wind velocity was affected by illumination. Microplitis croceipes was attracted to the wind borne odor of Heliothis virescens (F.) frass and larvae, whereas C. sonorensis was not. Possible interaction of the wind borne odors from the habitat and host is suggested for parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305644
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimuli influencing host microhabitat location in the parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Campoletis sonorensis ; parasitoid ; host microhabitat ; synomones ; wind tunnel ; experience
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host microhabitat location behavior of females of the generalist parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in a wind tunnel. Visual cues associated with the host plant cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were important and significantly more parasitoids completed flights to a damaged 4-leaf cotton plant bearing a Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larva and frass than to a similarly damaged single leaf with frass and a larva. This difference in completed flights was not due to differences in amounts of volatiles released by the two stimuli. Both naive and experienced parasitoids responded differently to an undamaged cotton leaf, a mechanially damaged leaf, a naturally damaged leaf with the host removed and a naturally damaged leaf with a host larva. Parasitoids completed significantly fewer flights to the undamaged sources of volatiles than to damaged sources of volatiles. Experienced females responded strongly to all types of damage. The number of flights completed by naive females to the three types of damage differed but not significantly and was less than the number completed by experienced females. Components of the preflight experience were varied to determine which factors were responsible for the higher response of experienced females to the host/plant complex. Oviposition was the most important component of this experience. Contact with host frass or plant damage followed by oviposition did not increase the response over that exhibited by females allowed oviposition only. When frass or damaged plant material were contacted without subsequent oviposition, females completed fewer flights than naive females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366141
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of diet in host selection ofHeliothis virescens by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1535-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Heliothis virescence ; synomone ; kairomone ; host location ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that chemicals attractive toCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron), previously identified in cotton, were not present in wheat germ diet-rearedHeliothis virescens (F.) larvae. Diet-reared larvae fed cotton obtained the chemicals from cotton, with the consequence of enhanced kairomonal activity of the larvae and their frass toC. sonorensis. Parasitoids, presented a choice between cotton, cotton plus hosts, hosts alone, and control in an olfactometer, responded non-randomly, with the greatest number of responses to cotton plus hosts, and three times as many responses to cotton alone as to larvae alone. The role of the plant in the parasitoid-host relationship is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988422
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroantennogram responses ofCampoletis sonorensis (hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to chemicals in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum ; host habitat location ; green leaf chemical ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene ; electroantennogram ; olfaction ; volatile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Combined gas chromatography-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recording ofCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron) responses to cotton plant volatile chemicals was performed.C. sonorensis antennal olfactory receptors respond differentially to green leaf, mono-, and sesquiterpene chemicals that have been identified previously in cotton. EAG depolarizations to green leaf chemicals were greater than to terpenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027772
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and identification of cotton synomones mediating searching behavior by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1251-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Campoletis sonorensis ; synomone ; sesquiterpene ; α-humulene ; γ-bisabolene ; β-caryophyllene oxide ; spathulenol ; gossonorol ; β-bisabolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory bioassays, the parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis was attracted to the following sesquiterpenes isolated from cotton essential oil: α-humulene, γ-bisabolene, β-caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, β-bisabolol, and a new, naturally occurring bisabolene-related alcohol, (2-p-tolyl-6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol) which we name gossonorol. This is the first report of spathulenol in cotton. β-Caryophyllene, a major component of cotton, was not attractive to the parasitoids. The response of the parasitoids to these compounds and the possibility of augmenting parasitoid activity in the field by manipulating plant secondary metabolites is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988552
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference with function of plasmatocytes of Heliothis virescens in vivo by calyx fluid of the parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 467-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Encapsulation ; Haemocytes ; Nodulation ; Parasitoid ; Phagocytosis ; Heliothis virescens ; Campoletis sonorensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immature stages of the ichneumonid parasitoid, Campoletis sonorensis, develop within the haemocoel of its noctuid host, Heliothis virescens. The host cannot encapsulate the parasitoid egg owing to the suppressive effect of the polydnavirus-laden calyx fluid injected by the female parasitoid during oviposition. We have examined the effects of injection of calyx fluid on the following haemocytic manifestations of the immune system of 5th-instar larvae of H. virescens: encapsulation, nodulation, phagocytosis, erythrocyte rosetting and coagulation. Of these phenomena, only those requiring the formation of a multicellular sheath of plasmatocytes were affected. In general, encapsulation was fully suppressed; all of the C. sonorensis eggs and most of the glass rods implanted as targets were devoid of attached haemocytes 3 days after implantation although a few of the latter were coated by a sparsely distributed layer of granulocytes. Plasmatocytes also appeared to be present in thicker depositions of haemocytes. In nodulation, only the second, encapsulation-like phase was inhibited. The resistant first stage, involving the entrapment of particles by haemocytes, only resulted in the formation of amorphous, disorganized nodules. Granulocyte-dependent aspects of the immune system (phagocytosis, rosetting and possibly coagulation and the first stage of encapsulation and nodulation) occurred normally. The data suggest that in 5th-instar hosts injection of calyx fluid acts specifically on plasmatocyte function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215856
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