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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 229-239 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: aluminium toxicity ; Arnica montana ; Calluna vulgaris ; Cirsium dissectum ; healthland ; soil acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Arnica montana andCirsium dissectum are characteristics species of species-rich heathlands and adjacent grasslands, which declined during the last decases in the Netherlands. It has been shown in a recent field survey that the decline ofA. montana andC. dissectum might be caused by soil acidification.Calluna vulgaris is not susceptible to soil acieification. It was hypothesized that increased aluminium concentrations in the soil as a result of acidifying atmospheric inputs caused the decline ofA. montana andC. dissectum whereasC. vulgaris would not be sensitive to enhanced aluminium concentrations. We studied the effects of different A1:Ca-ratios and of A1 concentrations on the development ofA. montana, C. dissectum andC. vulgaris in nutrient solution experiments. All three species showed aluminium accumulation in the shoots related with increased aluminium concentrations in the nutrient solutions. This accumulation was correlated with a reduction in growth when plants were cultured at high A1 concentrations (200–500 µmol l−1), in bothA. montana andC. dissectum. In addition, indications of A1 toxicity were observed in these plant species, e.g. poor root development, yellowish leaves and reduced contents of Mg and P in the plants.C. vulgaris did not show reduced growth or poor plant development due to high A1 concentrations. The negative effects of aluminium inA. montana andC. dissectum were partly counterbalanced when plants were grown on the same A1 concentrations but with increased Ca concentrations, resulting in lower A1:Ca-ratios. No effects of enhanced calcium concentrations onC. vulgaris have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 229-239 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: aluminium toxicity ; Arnica montana ; Calluna vulgaris ; Cirsium dissectum ; heathland ; soil acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Arnica montana and Cirsium dissectum are characteristic species of species-rich heathlands and adjacent grasslands, which declined during the last decades in the Netherlands. It has been shown in a recent field survey that the decline of A. montana and C. dissectum might be caused by soil acidification. Calluna vulgaris is not susceptible to soil acidification. It was hypothesized that increased aluminium concentrations in the soil as a result of acidifying atmospheric inputs caused the decline of A. montana and C. dissectum whereas C. vulgaris would not be sensitive to enhanced aluminium concentrations. We studied the effects of different Al:Ca-ratios and of Al concentrations on the development of A. montana, C. dissectum and C. vulgaris in nutrient solution experiments. All three species showed aluminium accumulation in the shoots related with increased aluminium concentrations in the nutrient solutions. This accumulation was correlated with a reduction in growth when plants were cultured at high Al concentrations (200–500 µmol l-1), in both A. montana and C. dissectum. In addition, indications of Al toxicity were observed in these plant species, e.g. poor root development, yellowish leaves and reduced contents of Mg and P in the plants. C. vulgaris did not show reduced growth or poor plant development due to high Al concentrations. The negative effects of aluminium in A. montana and C. dissectum were partly counterbalanced when plants were grown on the same Al concentrations but with increased Ca concentrations, resulting in lower Al:Ca-ratios. No effects of enhanced calcium concentrations on C. vulgaris have been observed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Ammonium toxicity ; Arnica montana ; Calluna vulgaris ; Cirsium dissectum ; Nitrogen ; Soil acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arnica montana and Cirsium dissectum, typical of species-rich heathlands and acidic grasslands, have declined rapidly in The Netherlands in recent years. Field surveys suggest that the decline is caused by soil acidification as a result of enhanced atmospheric N and S deposition. Therefore, the survival, growth and development of these species were studied in a water culture experiment, using nutrient solutions which differed both in mineral nitrogen form and in ammonium concentration. For comparison, the performance of a third, acid tolerant species, Calluna vulgaris, was studied. The results showed that both Arnica and Cirsium performed better using nitrate than when using ammonium as a sole nitrogen source, whereas ammonium toxicity became apparent when ammonium concentrations were raised above 100 µM. Ammonium toxicity was expressed by an increase in mortality of Arnica plants with increasing ammonium concentrations and by a reduction of biomass in Arnica and Cirsium. Furthermore, cation concentrations in both roots and shoots decreased when ammonium was supplied as a nitrogen source. In contrast, Calluna showed optimal development when using ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. In this species, only root biomass was negatively affected by high ammonium concentrations. The ecological implications of these preferences are discussed in relation to soil acidification.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Pseudoknot formation folds the 3' ends of many plant viral genomic RNAs into structures that resemble transfer RNA in global folding and in their reactivity to transfer RNA-specific proteins. The solution structure of the pseudoknotted T arm and acceptor arm of the transfer RNA-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The molecule is stabilized by the hairpin formed by the 5' end of the RNA, and by the intricate interactions related to the loops of the pseudoknot. Loop 1 spans the major groove of the helix with only two of its four nucleotides. Loop 2, which crosses the minor groove, interacts closely with its opposing helix, in particular through hydrogen bonds with a highly conserved adenine. The structure resulting from this interaction between the minor groove and single-stranded RNA at helical junctions displays internal mobility, which may be a general feature of RNA pseudoknots that regulates their interaction with proteins or other RNA molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolk, M H -- van der Graaf, M -- Wijmenga, S S -- Pleij, C W -- Heus, H A -- Hilbers, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):434-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nijmegen SON Research Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9545221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/*chemistry ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry ; Tymovirus/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-07-19
    Description: Binding of the glucagon peptide to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) triggers the release of glucose from the liver during fasting; thus GCGR plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Here we report the crystal structure of the seven transmembrane helical domain of human GCGR at 3.4 A resolution, complemented by extensive site-specific mutagenesis, and a hybrid model of glucagon bound to GCGR to understand the molecular recognition of the receptor for its native ligand. Beyond the shared seven transmembrane fold, the GCGR transmembrane domain deviates from class A G-protein-coupled receptors with a large ligand-binding pocket and the first transmembrane helix having a 'stalk' region that extends three alpha-helical turns above the plane of the membrane. The stalk positions the extracellular domain (~12 kilodaltons) relative to the membrane to form the glucagon-binding site that captures the peptide and facilitates the insertion of glucagon's amino terminus into the seven transmembrane domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820480/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820480/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siu, Fai Yiu -- He, Min -- de Graaf, Chris -- Han, Gye Won -- Yang, Dehua -- Zhang, Zhiyun -- Zhou, Caihong -- Xu, Qingping -- Wacker, Daniel -- Joseph, Jeremiah S -- Liu, Wei -- Lau, Jesper -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Wang, Ming-Wei -- Stevens, Raymond C -- F32 DK088392/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):444-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12393. Epub 2013 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glucagon/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry/classification ; Receptors, Glucagon/*chemistry/*classification/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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