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  • Cadmium  (4)
  • 42.55
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1980-1984  (6)
  • 1981  (6)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (6)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiocarbon dating by infrared laser spectroscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A tunable diode laser and a multipass optical cell are used to investigate the feasibility of performing radiocarbon dating by means of infrared spectroscopy. We show that the detection of14CO2 at concentrations of14C/12C≲10−12 is not limited by interferences from the background of normal CO2 molecules, provided the gas sample is cooled. Using short-time constants, the present sensitivity of the infrared technique is comparable to that of an ideal disintegration counter. The experimental results are extrapolated to long time constants to demonstrate that radiocarbon dating by infrared spectroscopy is feasible, and that carbon samples with a mass of less than 1 gm can be dated by this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899738
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental quality criteria: Some considerations (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 191-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Pollutant toxicity ; Water Quality Criteria ; Microbemediated ecological processes ; Ecological dosage 50% (EcD50) ; Cadmium ; Phenol ; Physicochemical environmental factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The physicochemical characteristics of the recipient environment into which chemical contaminants are deposited may influence their chemical speciation, mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. In formulating Water Quality Criteria, the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (EPA) considered the modifying effect of abiotic environmental factors on pollutant toxicity in an innovative regulatory approach. Scientific knowledge of the interactions and correlations between pollutant toxicity and abiotic factors remains limited. Recognition of the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the recipient environment on pollutant toxicity has implications for the eventual formulation of regional, rather than uniform and national, criteria. In addition, in developing Water Quality Criteria that incorporate the effects of pollutants on “aquatic life,” EPA primarily focused on toxicity to aquatic animals and plants (including unicellular algae). The effects of pollutants on microbe-mediated ecological processes that are necessary for maintaining the state and quality of the ecosphere (such as biogeochemical cyclings, litter decomposition, and mineralization) were not included in the formulation of the Water Quality Criteria. To facilitate the recognition and quantification of adverse effects of pollutants on these ecological processes, the development of a computation, termed the “ecological dosage 50%” (EcD50) is recommended. Such a formulation could also be applied to setting environmental quality criteria for terrestrial ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873278
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A magnetically stabilized coaxial laser discharge (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 52.80 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692441
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of potassium-dependent H+ efflux from mitochondria by cadmium and phenylarsine oxide (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 13 (1981), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Cadmium ; phenylarsine oxide ; mitochondria ; H+ translocation ; potassium ion ; uncoupling ; dithiol ; monothiol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Addition of Cd2+ or phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) to respiring rat liver mitochondria results first in acidification of the medium (H+ efflux) followed by disappearance of H+ (discharge of the pH gradient or uncoupling). The first phase of H+ efflux is dependent upon the presence of K+ in the medium, and is not seen in the presence of valinomycin, which is consistent with the conclusion that H+ efflux is linked to membrane potential-dependent uptake of K+. These effects are abolished by low levels of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol but potentiated by excess of 2-mercaptoethanol, showing involvement of a dithiol type of group in the response. Mersalyl produces only the H+ efflux, and subsequent addition of Cd2+ or PhAsO produces collapse of the ΔpH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00743214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of lead, cadmium, and nickel on the growth ofMedicago sativa (L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Nickel ; Tissue concentration ; Yield depressions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cv. Iroquois, was grown in the greenhouse in soils amended with additions of either lead, cadmium, or nickel. Metals, at rates varying from 0–250 ppm, were not uniformly mixed but were placed close to the soil surface so as to simulate surface deposition. In one series of experiments the sulphate salt of each metal and two soils were used. In a second series of experiments the nitrate salts and one soil were used. Neither salt of lead significantly depressed alfalfa yields. Both salts of either cadmium or nickel significantly depressed yields. Additions of all metals to the soil resulted in both increased metal uptake and concentrations in alfalfa tissue, particularly for cadmium and nickel. The highest tissue concentrations of cadmium and nickel were associated with plant stunting and necrosis. However, at rates of 125 ppm and less, substantial increases in cadmium and nickel concentrations were obtained frequently without serious yield reductions. Generally, metal concentrations were greatest in the first harvest following metal application. Concentration and uptake of lead and cadmium were greater when the metal was applied to the soil as nitrate than when applied as the sulphate salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of lead, cadmium, and nickel on the growth of ryegrass and oats (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Lead ; Nickel ; Oats ; Ryegrass ; Tissue concentration ; Yield depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 24 factorial experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Factors and levels in the experiment were soil pH at 4.5 and 6.4, and cadmium, lead, and nickel added to the soil to provide soil concentrations of 50, 250, and 50 ppm, respectively, above background levels. Two species were grown in succession in the same experimental pots. Ryegrass (Lolium hybridum Hausskn. cv. Tetrelite) was harvested three times and then one crop of oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Garry) was grown and harvested. Plant tissue concentrations of cadmium, lead, and nickel were monitored throughout the experiment. Addition of cadmium to the soil lowered the dry matter yields in all three ryegrass harvests and also reduced the yield of oat grain. The application of lead nitrate to the soil enhanced the yield of ryegrass obtained at the first harvest and also increased the yield of oat grain. Nickel, added to the soil at 50 ppm, was relatively innocuous to ryegrass and oats. The presence of added cadmium, lead, or nickel to the soil resulted in enhanced tissue concentrations of these metals in both ryegrass and oats. This effect was particularly enhanced by a soil pH of 4.5. A single exception to this observation was that lead was not detected, under any of the conditions of this experiment, in oat grain. The presence of lead in the soil enhanced cadmium concentrations in ryegrass tissues. The presence of cadmium in the soil decreased lead tissue concentrations in ryegrass and oat straw. Soil pH interacted with both nickel and lead in the second ryegrass harvest with subsequent changes in tissue cadmium concentrations. At a soil pH of 4.5, the presence of added lead or nickel to the soil significantly increased the ryegrass tissue cadmium concentration beyond that observed at a soil pH of 6.4 with or without enhanced nickel or lead concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205027
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