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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence Heteroplasmy of D-Loop and rRNA Coding Regions in Mitochondrial DNA from Holstein Cows of Independent Maternal Lineages (2000)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 38 (2000), S. 323-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: mitochondrial DNA ; mitochondrial inheritance ; Holstein cows; heteroplasmy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment containing the D-loop, phenylalanine tRNA, valine tRNA, and 12S and 16 rRNA genes was cloned and sequenced from 36 cows of 18 maternal lineages to identify the polymorphic sites within those regions and to detect the existence of heteroplasmic mtDNA in cows. Seventeen variable sites were observed within the D-loop and rRNA coding regions of bovine mtDNA within a 2.5-kb span. The hypervariable sites in the D-loop and rRNA coding regions were identified at nucleotide positions 169, 216, and 1594. Heteroplasmic mtDNA (variable mtDNA within a tissue) existed extensively in cows and was detected within the above regions in 11 of 36 cows sequenced. The insertion, deletion, and nucleotide transversion polymorphisms were found only in homopolymer regions. Heteroplasmy was observed frequently and seemingly is persistent in cattle. Though heteroplasmy was demonstrated, most lineages and mtDNA sites showed no heteroplasmy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002061101697
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Design considerations for advanced multi-polarisation SAR (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: System design and verification of an airborne imaging radar (AIR) system are discussed. Issues of importance to multipolarization systems (e.g., mutual coherence and amplitude balance between channels) are emphasized. Methods of detecting and correcting channel imbalances are discussed, and AIR test results are presented.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 1988) on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 1; p 317-321
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    The NASA/JPL multifrequency, multipolarisation airborne SAR system (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Polarimetric synthetic aperture radars, operating at L-, C- and P-band, were designed to replace and upgrade a system destroyed in an aircraft accident. Ground and flight tests were conducted, and the radar was flown over a calibration site in a sequence of experiments designed to calibrate the system. The radar also took part in science campaigns.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 1988) on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 1; p 345-349
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The effects of undersampling on multipolarization SAR images (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The scattering matrix and Stokes matrix formats for multipolarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are introduced. The effects of converting to the Stokes matrix format, without first doubling the sampling rate to allow for the conversion from a complex to an intensity format is quantified and discussed. It is shown that for most applications the Stokes matrix format is acceptable, since errors introduced by undersampling tend to average out when large numbers of pixels are averaged. For those applications requiring analysis of single image pixels, the scattering matrix format is recommended.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 1988) on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 1; p 75-78
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Calibration of multipolarisation imaging radar (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: An experiment was designed to calibrate airborne imaging radar (AIR) images, in terms of relative and absolute backscatter, and relative phase between polarization channels. The calibration uses measurements made within the radar system itself (internal calibration) and using ground-based corner reflectors and transponders (external calibration). The techniques developed for the AIR calibration campaign will form the basis of the calibration approach for SIR-C.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 1988) on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 1; p 335-339
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Geometric accuracy in airborne SAR images (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Uncorrected across-track motions of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) platform can cause both a severe loss of azimuthal positioning accuracy in, and defocusing of, the resultant SAR image. It is shown how the results of an autofocus procedure can be incorporated in the azimuth processing to produce a fully focused image that is geometrically accurate in azimuth. Range positioning accuracy is also discussed, leading to a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of geometric accuracy. The system considered is an X-band SAR.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems (ISSN 0018-9251); 25; 241-258
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Modifications to the three-component classification algorithm for SAR data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Previously, a scattering model was used to classify SAR data as due to three mechanisms: surface or odd-bounce scattering; double-bounce scattering; and volume scattering. A Bragg rough-surface model was used for odd-bounce scattering, and two reflecting surfaces, as in a dihedral corner reflector, represented the double-bounce scattering mechanism. A random collection of infinitely thin cylinders was used to model the volume scattering contribution. It was assumed that the cylinders are uniformly oriented in all directions. In this work, modifications are made to the above model, which include specifying a preferred orientation for the cylinders representing branches and using thin cylinders of finite thickness as opposed to infinitely thin ones. In the first case, the preferred orientation is represented by a probability density function in the form of a dirac delta function. For the second case, small argument asymptotic expansions of Bessel functions are used to express the volume scattering contributions in terms of quantities containing the average radius of the cylinders. Since in each case the number of unknowns exceeds that of equations, simplifying assumptions are made. The solutions are applied to multifrequency polarimetric SAR data to obtain the new unknowns in addition to the relative contributions of each scattering mechanism. Several results are presented. It is found that the calculated percentage of each mechanism does not change significantly compared to the original model; however, additional information is gained about the scatterers.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: gress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS); p 164
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Development of a calibration workstation for SIR-C (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The paper describes the status of a comprehensive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) software package developed specifically to aid the calibration of a multifrequency and multipolarization radar like the Shuttle Imaging Radar, SIR-C. The primary data types processed are engineering telemetry, point targets (corner reflectors and polarimetric active radar calibrators), distributed targets (clutter), tone-generators, and ground receivers. The parameters derived to aid the calibration of the production processor include measurements of relative radiometric channel to channel imbalance, absolute calibration constants, antenna pattern corrections, noise levels, polarimetric cross-talk, and geometric offsets. The software reports standard performance measurements such as resolution, peak and integrated sidelobes, radiometric response accuracy, and geometrical distortions such as scale errors, position bias and standard deviation, and image skew. Furthermore, the inclusion of software to allow updates of the shuttle-state vector (position and velocity) is considered.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: IGARSS ''91: Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 03, 1991 - Jun 06, 1991; Espoo; Finland
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  • 9
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    Calibration of NASA/JPL DC-8 SAR data (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The paper describes a number of improvements in calibration of NASA/JPL DC-8 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data, intended to make calibrated data from the system available to the majority of the investigators. The improvements include a move to a better site for calibration of the system at the start of each campaign season, the release of software to allow users to calibrate their data, the supply of trihedral corner reflectors and instructions on how to deploy them, and the setting up of an archive of calibrated data. Analysis of the calibration performance of the DC-8 SAR over a number of sites during 1990 suggests that the system is sufficiently stable to allow calibration of the standard data products without the presence of calibration devices within the scene. The limiting factor on DC-8 SAR data calibration would now appear to be the knowledge of the altitude of the aircraft, which determines the relationship between the measured slant range coordinates and the antenna pattern in elevation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: IGARSS ''91: Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 03, 1991 - Jun 06, 1991; Espoo; Finland
    Format: text
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