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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Prothoteca zopfii ; mastitis ; algae ; bovine ; Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of Prothoteca zopfii, an algae lacking chlorophyll, from bovine mastitic milk, is described herein. The isolation was performed on 8% sheep blood agar, following incubation at 37 °C for 48 h. Based on biochemical tests, susceptibility to clotrimazole, and light and electron microscopic observation of cellular morphology the algae was identified as P. zopfii . The affected animal did not improve following treatment and had to be eliminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Brazil ; coccidioidomycosis ; Piauí ; outbreak
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An outbreak of coccidioidomycosis is described that involved three individuals and eight of their dogs, who had engaged in a successful hunt for nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the environs of Oeiras, a community in Brazil's north eastern state of Piauí.Diagnosis was based on clinical, serological and cultural findings. Four of 24 soil samples collected in and around the burrow of an armadillo yielded cultures of Coccidioides immitis, thus establishing the endemicity of that mould in the state of Piauí. A literature review revealed that C. immitis, aside from that state, is endemic in three other Brazilian states — Bahia, Ceará and Maranhão. These four contiguous states have semi-arid regions where climatic conditions and their flora are similar to those that exist in C. immitis's endemic regions in North, Central and South America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: Brazil ; Amazonia ; floodplain forests ; igapó ; forest ; floristic inventory ; habitats ; richness and diversity patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rivers in Central Amazonia show annual water level fluctuations of up to 14m; the flooding period ranges from 50 to 270 days between the rising and falling phases. Differences in duration and type of flood in Amazonian floodplain forests result in a mosaic of habitats which include lakes, grasslands, forests, streams etc. To study the floristic composition, structure, variation on number of species and diversity in a forest that is seasonally flooded by a black-water river in Brazilian Amazonia, 200km NE of Manaus, I surveyed three hectares in habitats which included lake, river margin, and stream. The number of species per hectare ranged from 44 to 137. The number of trees varied from 796 to 1130. Total basal area ranged from 22.3m2 to 41.8m2. Leguminosae was the most abundant and dominant family in the river margin and stream plot, while Euphorbiaceae and Leguminosae were, respectively the most abundant and dominant families in the lake plot. The most dominant species in the river margin and stream plots was Aldina latifolia (Leguminosae), while Amanoa oblongifolia (Euphorbiaceae) was the most abundant and dominant species in the lake plot. Mean water level and flooding period decreased significantly from lake to the river margin to the stream. The mean number of species and the Shannon diversity increase significantly from the lake to the river margin to the stream habitats plots. Similarity indexes varied from 0.3 to 0.55% between the three plots sampled in this study.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: Amazonia ; blackwater ; Brazil ; conservation ; community ordination ; floodplain forests ; forest structure ; species richness ; species distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rivers in central Amazonia experience annual water-level fluctuations of up to 14 m, flooding vast areas of adjacent forest for periods ranging from a few to 270 days per year. At different sites, variation in the duration and type of flooding results in a mosaic of habitats that includes lakes, grasslands, forests, and streams. To study the effects of flood duration on plant species richness and floristic composition, two river margin sites were surveyed on the rivers Jaú and Tarumã-Mirim. Both areas are seasonally flooded by blackwaters, and plots were made at different topographic levels (lower, middle and upper slopes). All woody plants with DBH 〉 5cm were inventoried in five 10 × 40 m plots in each of the three topographic levels, which varied in length of flood duration and mean water level. Plant species richness did not vary significantly between topographic levels, but species composition varied substantially. At both study sites, the species composition exhibited distinctive distribution patterns with respect to the three topographic levels and river site. Differences in the distribution of dominant species in both sites probably relate to the ability of species to withstand seasonal flooding, although other edaphic factors associated with the topographic levels may also be important, especially for less-dominant, locally rare, and habitat generalist species. Species composition overlap among topographic levels at the two sites was highly variable ranging from 15% to 43%. Knowledge about the complex pattern of species composition and distributions between and among topographic levels and river sites is important for the preservation of the diverse flora of the blackwater forests and for the creation of future conservation management plans and design of protected areas in this ecosystem that will maintain the biodiversity.
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  • 5
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    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27172 | 25 | 2021-02-21 23:55:06 | 27172 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: The President of the Association of Indigenous Communities of the Middle Negro River (ACIMRN), Sandra Gomes, speaks about the challenges indigenous communities face due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Negro River in the Amazon region is the largest black water river in the world. Its basin area of approximately 750,000 sq. km accounts for seven percent of the total area of the Amazon basin, and its length from pre-Andean Colombia to its mouth, is approximately 1,700 km, making it the Amazon’s largest tributary.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; ICSF ; Yemaya ; women in fisheries ; small scale fisheries ; gender ; livelihoods ; impact ; fishing communities ; Brazil ; food security ; COVID ; poverty ; Amazon ; Indigenous communities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20-22
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Sociology ; Yemaya ; newsletter ; gender ; women ; ICSF ; Brazil ; The National Articulation of Fisherwomen (ANP) ; The Movement of Fishermen and Fisherwomen (MPP)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 19
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  • 7
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    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27173 | 25 | 2021-02-21 23:55:38 | 27173 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: This photo-essay depicts the practice of aratu fishing carried out by women in the mangroves of northeastern Brazil. Aratu (Goniopsis cruentata) are small, reddish crustaceans that live on the branches of mangroves. They are processed and sold, the sweetness of the meat making them a prized delicacy. Aratu fishing is carried out mostly by women, for whom it is a source of income, allowing them to get by without formal employment, and offering a certain freedom in their lives. Unlike the crab, the aratu is a fast breeder but both types of crustaceans have their own pros and cons. “If aratu bred like crab, there wouldn’t be much to pick since there are a lot of people fishing. We’re lucky that it reproduces fast. Crab is less labour intensive and fetches more money. Aratu has to be picked before it is sold; crab doesn’t need any such processing”
    Keywords: Environment ; Fisheries ; ICSF ; Yemaya ; women in fisheries ; small scale fisheries ; gender ; livelihoods ; impact ; fishing communities ; Brazil ; food security ; poverty ; photo-essay ; Indigenous communities ; employment ; labour ; crab
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23-30
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  • 8
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9190 | 115 | 2012-11-28 13:33:10 | 9190 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: A list, comprising 129 species in 23 families, is presented of the fish commonly caught in 1992/93 in the commercial fisheries around Santarem, Para State, Brazil. The most important families were the Pimelodidae (22 spp.), Cichildae (20) and Serrasalmidae (15), and six species contribute over 50% of the catch in weight.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Commercial species ; Check lists ; Fishery resources ; Brazil ; Pisces
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 41-44
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  • 9
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Among the impacts imposed by dams on downstream basin stretches are those resulting from the changes in discharge, both natural, with increase of the minimum and decrease of the maximum, as the short-term resulting from the dam operation. The effects of this regulation are particularly relevant in floodplains, where in addition to affecting the connectivity between biotopes, can lead to reversal of flow in relevant stretches of tributaries, such as the Baía River in Upper Paraná River. It was verified the intensity and the extent to which the reversal of tributary flow modifies the limnological variables as well as the structure of fish assemblages associated with macrophytes. The reverse flow differed from normal flow by higher values of transparency, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity. Changes to these variables were not, however, significant for different tributary stretches analyzed. There was no significant difference in the abundance and species richness. The evenness significantly differed only in relation to the position, with higher average value before Curutuba channel. The standard length showed higher average before Curutuba channel or when the flow was reversed, which may be indicative of larger fish from the Paraná River and the search for refuge from predators. The structure of fish assemblages differed significantly from the position of the points. Apparently, the differences were not accentuated by the fact that the species of the studied area is exposed to this impact for over 10 years and also by the presence of macrophyte that positively influence the diversity of fish. It is evident the need for more intensive studies of the impacts promoted by dams downstream, as a result of reverse flow, which has great influence for limnological variables and fish assemblage structure. It must be emphasized that this kind of impact is very little considered in the literature, but may be the mechanism to explain several processes, especially for the maintenance of biological diversity in the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
    Description: Dentre os impactos impostos por barragens aos trechos da bacia a jusante estão aqueles decorrentes das alterações nas vazões, tanto das naturais, com elevação das mínimas e diminuição das máximas, como as de curto prazo decorrentes da operação da barragem. Os efeitos dessa regulação são particularmente relevantes em planícies de inundação, onde além de afetar a conectividade entre os biótopos, podem levar à inversão de fluxo em trechos relevantes de rios afluentes, como é o caso do rio Baía, no alto rio Paraná. Verificou-se a intensidade e a extensão em que a inversão de fluxo em tributários modificam as variáveis limnológicas, bem como a estrutura das assembleias de peixes associadas às macrófitas aquáticas. A inversão do fluxo se diferenciou do fluxo normal pelos maiores valores de transparência, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, pH e condutividade elétrica. As alterações nessas variáveis não foram, entretanto, significativas para os diferentes trechos analisados no tributário. Não houve diferença significativa na abundância e riqueza de espécies. A equitabilidade diferiu significativamente apenas em relação à posição, com maior valor médio abaixo do canal Curutuba. O comprimento padrão apresentou maior média abaixo do canal Curutuba ou quando o fluxo estava invertido, o que pode ser indicativo de peixes maiores vindos do rio Paraná e da busca por refúgio contra predadores. A estrutura das assembleias de peixes diferiu significativamente em relação à posição dos pontos. Aparentemente, as diferenças não foram acentuadas pelo fato das espécies da área estudada estar expostas a esse impacto há mais de 10 anos e também pela presença de bancos de macrófitas que influenciam positivamente a diversidade de peixes. É evidente a necessidade por estudos mais intensivos sobre os impactos promovidos a jusante de barragens, como resultado da inversão de fluxo, que tem influência marcante nas variáveis limnológicas e na estrutura da assembleia de peixes. Cabe ainda salientar que esse tipo de impacto é muito pouco considerado na literatura, mas pode ser o mecanismo para explicar vários processos, especialmente para a manutenção da diversidade biológica na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Brazil ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Level float ; Flow change ; Aquatic macrophytes ; Hydropower ; Environmental impacts ; Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Flutuação de nível ; Alteração de fluxo ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Assembleia de peixes ; Ecologia de reservatórios ; Impactos ambientais ; Hidrelétricas ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Fish assemblage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 44pp.
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  • 10
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Freshwater ecosystems are among the most affected by human activity, and the factors related to these changes are hydrological alterations and biological invasions. In this context, we investigated the mechanisms related to the patterns of non-native fish distribution in 76 reservoirs located in the Paraná River basin. Specifically, the relative importance of biotic acceptance, biotic resistance, human activity hypotheses, connectivity and distance from donor source of propagules, and life history characteristics to the patterns of non-native richness and distribution were tested. The information on the distribution of fish species were obtained from compilations. Likewise, the explanatory variables were obtained from literature and electronic databases. The explanatory variables were used to quantify the environmental variation of reservoirs in the local and regional scales and were selected to represent the initial hypotheses of the study. A hierarchical partitioning model was used to quantify the independent effects of explanatory variables on the variation of non-native species richness. To assess the types of relationships between explanatory variables and non-native species richness were applied a generalized linear model. To evaluate the relationship between life history characteristics of non-native species and their spatial distributions, we first calculated a principal coordinate analysis. Then, the principal coordinate scores were correlated with the non-native species relative frequency considering 64 reservoirs. The results demonstrated that the non-native fish richness in the Paraná Basin reservoirs was mainly associated with native species richness, connectivity and distance from donor propagules, and reservoirs physical and geographical characteristics. Additionally, species with opportunistic strategy were more common in the reservoirs analyzed. These results suggest that mechanisms of biotic acceptance, dispersal limitation and species-specific adaptations may be important determinants of the establishment of non-native species in reservoirs of the Paraná Basin.
    Description: Os ecossistemas fluviais estão entre os mais alterados pela atividade humana, e entre os fatores relacionados às essas alterações destacam-se as alterações hidrológicas e as invasões de espécies não nativas. Nesse contexto, investigaram-se os mecanismos relacionados aos padrões de distribuição de espécies não nativas de peixes em 76 reservatórios distribuídos na bacia do rio Paraná. Mais especificamente foram testadas as hipóteses de aceitação biótica, resistência biótica, atividade humana, conectividade e distância da fonte doadora de propágulos, e características de história de vida nos padrões espaciais de riqueza e distribuição de espécies de peixes não nativas. Os dados com a distribuição das espécies de peixes foram obtidos através de compilação de listas de espécies. Da mesma forma, as variáveis explanatórias foram obtidas da literatura e de bancos de dados eletrônicos. As variáveis explanatórias compiladas quantificaram a variação ambiental local e regional dos reservatórios e foram selecionadas para representar as hipóteses iniciais do estudo. Para quantificar os efeitos independentes das variáveis explanatórias na variação da riqueza de espécies não nativas foi aplicado um modelo de partição hierárquica. Para avaliar os tipos das relações entre as variáveis explanatórias e riqueza de espécies não nativas foram aplicados modelos lineares generalizados. Para avaliar a relação entre características de história de vida das espécies não nativas e suas distribuições espaciais, primeiramente foi calculada uma análise de coordenadas principais. Em seguida, os escores das coordenadas principais foram correlacionados com a frequência relativa das espécies nos reservatórios. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que a riqueza de espécies não nativas de peixes nos reservatórios da bacia do Paraná foi associada principalmente à riqueza de espécies nativas, conectividade e distância doadora de propágulos, e características físicas e geográficas dos reservatórios. Adicionalmente, espécies com características oportunistas foram mais frequentes nos reservatórios analisados. Tais resultados sugerem que mecanismos de aceitação biótica, limitação de dispersão e adaptações espécie-específicas podem ser importantes determinantes do estabelecimento de espécies não nativas em reservatórios da bacia do Paraná.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Paraná River ; Brazil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Reservatórios ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Biotic resistance hypothesis ; Human activity hypothesis ; Biotic acceptance hypothesis ; Ecological niche ; Neutral process ; Invasões biológicas ; Nichos ecológicos ; Hipótese de aceitação biótica ; Hipótese de resistência biótica ; Peixes não nativos ; Hipóteses aplicadas às invasões biológicas ; Diversidade ; Processo neutro ; Hipótese de atividade humana ; Biological invasions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 72pp.
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