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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barefoot and in a German kitchen: Federal parental leave and benefit policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 247-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Since 1979 German federal maternity leave and benefit policy has given women incentives to stay at home and take care of their newborn and youngest children. In 1986 this leave and benefit policy was changed in several ways, turning it into a powerful instrument for delaying mothers‘ return to work after childbirth. Using a flexible duration dependence estimation technique for proportional hazards due to Prentice and Gloeckler (1978) and applied to grouped durations by Meyer (1987, 1990), we estimate post childbirth return to work hazards for women during the federally protected leave protection period and immediately upon completion of this leave period. During the leave mothers are less likely to return to work the longer is the time left in the leave protection period; however, this result cannot be attributed generally to high levels of maternity benefits. When the leave protection period ends, mothers with strong labor force attachment who are still on leave return to their jobs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barefoot and in a German kitchen: Federal parental leave and benefit policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 247-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J22 ; J13 ; Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Since 1979 German federal maternity leave and benefit policy has given women incentives to stay at home and take care of their newborn and youngest children. In 1986 this leave and benefit policy was changed in several ways, turning it into a powerful instrument for delaying mothers' return to work after childbirth. Using a flexible duration dependence estimation technique for proportional hazards due to Prentice and Gloeckler (1978) and applied to grouped durations by Meyer (1987, 1990), we estimate post childbirth return to work hazards for women during the federally protected leave protection period and immediately upon completion of this leave period. During the leave mothers are less likely to return to work the longer is the time left in the leave protection period; however, this result cannot be attributed generally to high levels of maternity benefits. When the leave protection period ends, mothers with strong labor force attachment who are still on leave return to their jobs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of factors affecting anther culture of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 28 (1992), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: anther culture ; Brassica oleracea ; cauliflower ; culture conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on three autumn-heading cauliflower genotypes (2 hybrids and a genotype selected from a population) were conducted to study different factors affecting anther culture. Culture conditions of the donor plants proved to be important: the best results were obtained during spring in a greenhouse where the temperature was maintained between 10 and 20°C. Overall winter and spring seemed more suitable than summer and early autumn for culture establishment. The optimal bud development stage depended on the genotype: for the hybrid 702, the greatest number of embryos for 100 plated anthers was obtained at the uninucleate pollen stage of the microspores; for V23.2 and 703, the optimal stage of the buds corresponded to the first mitotic division. Sucrose proved to be the best carbon supply for embryogenesis with an optimal concentration of 140 g l-1. The addition of a cytokinin (BAP) in the medium led to lower embryo production, and this negative effect increased when the hormone concentration in the medium increased. The use of liquid medium and a dark incubation period immediately after the high temperature treatment were favourable for embryogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036126
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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