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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; Brassica oleracea ; Molecular taxonomy ; Phylogenetic tree ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Preliminary analysis using nuclear RFLPs provided evidence that subspecies within Brassica rapa originated from two different centers. One center is in Europe, represented by turnip and turnip rape from which the oilseed sarson was derived. A second center is in South China containing a variety of Chinese vegetables of which pak choi and narinosa seem to be the most ancient forms. Based on RFLP data, the accessions of B. oleracea examined could be divided into three distinct groups, represented by thousand head kale, broccoli and cabbage. Thousand head kale and Chinese kale appear to be the primitive types. Observations of parallel variation among subspecies of both species are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260914
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of RFLP markers with trait loci affecting clubroot resistance and morphological characters in Brassica oleracea L. (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Plasmodiophora brassicae ; Brassica oleracea ; broccoli ; cauliflower ; clubroot ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. race 7, the causal agent of the disease clubroot, was examined in an F2 population of a cross between a clubroot resistant broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and a susceptible cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis). A genetic linkage map was constructed in the same population based on the segregation of 58 dispersed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Associations between the inheritance of RFLP marker genotypes and segregation for disease resistance, morphological and maturity characteristics were examined. For each triat examined, several chromosomal regions marked by RFLP probes appeared to contain trait loci, suggesting that each trait was under polygenic control. RFLP marker linkage to a major factor imparting dominance for clubroot resistance from the broccoli parent was observed in this population. Additionally, RFLP marker linkage to an independently segregating factor contributing clubroot resistance from the cauliflower parent was observed, indicating that it should be possible to use RFLP markers to facilitate selection of transgressive segregants having the combined resistance from both parental sources. In some instances, RFLP markers from the same or closely linked chromosomal regions were associated with both clubroot resistance and morphological traits. Analysis of RFLP marker genotypes at linked loci should facilitate the selection of desired disease resistant morphotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021723
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of Portuguese cole landraces (Brassica oleracea L.) with Peronospora parasitica and Plasmodiophora brassicae (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: downy mildew ; clubroot ; disease resistance ; Tronchuda cabbage ; Galega kale ; Brassica oleracea ; Peronospora parasitica ; Plasmodiophora brassicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forty-four landraces of Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea L.), representing different morphotypes, were screened at the cotyledon stage for downy mildew resistance, caused by Peronospora parasitica. Two isolates of the pathogen, PHW 630 and PHW 828, were used in the experiment. The mean disease interaction phenotype varied among the landraces. Overall, the Portuguese coles have shown resistance to both isolates, particularly to isolate PHW 828. Some landraces were identified with differential reaction to the two P. parasitica isolates. Some of the Portuguese coles are, therefore, good sources of resistance genes to P. parasitica, and could be used in breeding programs or in the development of a downy mildew host differential set. Among the morphotypes tested, Couve Algarvia (ISA 207), Couve Galega (ISA 243 and 187) and Couve Glória de Portugal (ISA 84) have presented the highest resistance interaction. For the development of host differential sets, the landraces ISA 2 (Penca de Mirandela), ISA 35 (Couve de Valhascos) and ISA 600 (Penca Espanhola) could be further selected for the differentiation of P. parasitica isolates. They are resistant to PHW 828 and susceptible to PHW 643. The same morphotypes and landraces were also screened at the seedling stage for resistance to clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.. Although some variation for resistance could be noticed in some the landraces tested, mainly Galega kale types, none of them presented a sufficient level of resistance as to be directly be useful in breeding for resistance to race 6 of P. brassicae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022736
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of Portuguese cole landraces (Brassica oleracea L.) with Leptosphaeria maculans and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 65 (1992), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phoma lingam ; Leptosphaeria maculans ; Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris ; black leg ; black rot ; disease resistance ; Brassica oleracea ; Portuguese coles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fifty-six landraces of Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea l.), representing fourteen morphotypes, were screened for resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans at the cotyledon stage. Three isolates of the pathogen belonging to three pathogenicity groups were used in the screening. The mean disease interaction phenotype of the B. oleracea landraces with the L. maculans isolates confirmed their differences in pathogenicity. When compared to pathogenicity grouping using a B. napus differential set, a different classification was observed on B. oleracea for the three L. maculans isolates, suggesting possible differences in the genetic interaction between the two plant species and the pathogen. Most of the Portuguese cole landraces were found to be susceptible to all three isolates of L. maculans, although a few have shown intermediate interaction phenotype. Some accessions, on the other hand, elicit a differential reaction with the three isolates tested, and can be further selected to be used in host differential sets or in breeding for resistance to black leg. Fifty-four landraces of Portuguese coles, representing eleven morphotypes, were also screened in the field for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. A good level of resistance to the bacterium was found in several of the morphotypes. Accessions of the ‘Penca’ type, particularly, were identified as highly resistant. Landraces belonging to the same Portuguese cole group presented a similar range of mean interaction phenotype with the bacterium. Some Portuguese landraces of B. oleracea are potential sources for use in breeding programs for black rot resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023086
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular taxonomy of Portuguese tronchuda cabbage and kale landraces using nuclear RFLPs (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; landrace group ; molecular markers ; numerical taxonomy ; Portuguese coles ; RFLPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary RFLPs were used to study the genetic relationships of 31 Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea L.) representing the different ecotypes or landraces grown in Portugal. Other cole crops such as Jersey kale, Chinese kales, common cabbages, broccolis and cauliflower, two nine-chromosome wild species, and one accession of turnip also were included to determine the evolutionary relationships of Portuguese coles to other related coles. Principal coordinates and cluster analyses were conducted using a package of computer programs and RFLP data from 55 nuclear DNA probes, detecting 291 polymorphic restriction fragments. The results showed that the 48 accessions clustered into five groups: (a) a dispersed group with turnip and the wild brassicas; (b) Chinese kales; (c) broccolis and cauliflower; (d) a disperse group including Algarve and Jersey kales, thousand head kale, cabbages, and savoy cabbage; (e) a large and compact group containing all Portuguese tronchuda cabbages and kales. This unique and closely related group containing Portuguese tronchuda cabbages and kales could be further divided into five subgroups corresponding to the major areas of cultivation. The phenetic groupings of Portuguese tronchuda cabbages and kales based on RFLP data corresponded more with their geographic origins (collecting sites) than with their morphological similarities. A mechanism involving geographic isolation and frequent intercrossing within local areas is proposed to explain genetic relationships among Portuguese tronchuda cabbages and kales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025253
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid and gibberellin-like substances in roots and root nodules ofGlycine max (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Gibberellin ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Roots ; Root nodules ; Soya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The content of endogenous gibberellin (GA)-like substances of roots and root nodules of SOya, and GA production byRhizobium japonicum cultures, were investigated by a combined thin layer chromatographic (TLC)-dwarf pea epicotyl bioassay technique. GAs were more concentrated in root nodules than in the roots, totalling 1.34 and 0.16 nM GA3 equivalents g−1 dry wt. respectively. GA production byR. japonicum cultures was demonstrated (1.00 nM GA3 equivalentsl −1) and comparison of the GA components of plant and bacterial culture medium extracts, suggested that rhizobial GA production may contribute to the nodule GA content. Cis-trans abscisic acid (ABA) was identified in root and nodule extracts by TLC-gas liquid chromatography (GLC), and amounted to 0.18 and 2.21 nM g−1 dry wt. respectively, whereas 0.30 and 4.63 nM ABA equivalents g−1 dry wt. were detected by a TLC-wheat embryo bioassay technique. ABA was not detected in extracts of bacterial cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376799
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of osmotically induced leaf moisture stress on nodulation and nitrogenase activity ofGlycine max (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 267-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Gibberellin ; Polyethylene glycol ; Rhizobium ; Roots ; Nitrogenase ; Nodulation ; Soya ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of 2-day cycles of osmotically induced leaf moisture stress followed by partial recovery on the nodulation and nitrogenase activity of 2 soya cultivars was studied. Fourteen days after plant inoculation (mid-growth stage) the total leaf electrochemical water potential (ψwleaf) of control plants ranged from −0.8 to −1.9 bars, whereas the concentrations of osmoticum (polyethylene glycol 4000) induced ψwleaf values ranging from −1.4 (recovery value) to −3.1 bars (low stress), −1.8 to −4.4 bars (mild stress), and −2.2 to −6.2 bars (medium stress). The low stress treatment reduced nodule numbers and their specific activity in both cultivars, without affecting nodule size or the time required for nodule initiation. Nodule initiation was delayed in both cultivars by the mild and medium stress treatments, the former treatment reducing the number and size of the nodules and such nodules exhibited very low specific activity. The medium stress treatment prevented the further development of nodule initials, which remained inactive throughout the experiment. Such results imply an effect of water stress on the infection process and on nodule morphogenesis. The reduction in nodule numbers observed in water stressed plants was not associated with a reduced number of rhizobia in the rhizoplane nor due to an effect on root growth or root hair formation. At a stage prior to the formation of macroscopic nodule initials, the roots of plants under medium stress (ψwleaf=−5.5 bar)s) had a higher content of abscisic acid (ABA) (4-fold increase) and a lower content of gibberellin (GA)-like substances (21.4% reduction) as compared to control plants (ψwleaf=−1.0 bar). Although the medium stress treatment slightly increased the stomatal resistance of leaves, photosynthetic and transpiration rates were unaffected. Similar alterations of the hormononal balance occurred in the nodulated roots of plants subjected to naturally induced leaf moisture stress. Since the foliar application of ABA (1.92×10−5 M) to unstressed plants inhibited nodulation (45% reduction in nodule numbers), the increased endogenous content of thishormone in the roots of plants under leaf moisture stress may provide some physiological insight into the inhibitory effect of water stress on the nodulation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02161183
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of gibberellins and the growth retardant CCC on the nodulation of soya (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: β-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride ; Gibberellins ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Soya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) or the growth retardant β-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on root nodule formation and activity (C2H2-reduction) in soya was studied. Daily foliar application of GA3 (2.89×10−6 M) delayed the formation of nodule initials and reduced the numbers mass nodule−1 and specific activity of nodules by 43%, 31% and 47% respectively, without affecting plant growth. Similar effects on nodulation were produced by foliar application of GA4 (3.01×10−5 M) or GA7 (3.03×10−5 M), or by the addition of GA3 (2.89×10−6 M) to the rooting medium. GA effectiveness in reducing nodule numbers was decreased by delaying its application until after the initial infection process had occurred, but the nodules formed were smaller and less active than those of the untreated control plants. The GA effect on nodulation and nodule activity was not associated with alterations in root exudate or due to a direct inhibitory effect of the hormone on the nitrogenase system. When the endogenous root content of GA-like substances was reduced (86% decrease) by foliar application of CCC (6.30×10−5 M), nodule numbers were increased by 56%, but nodule size and total nodule activity were similar to those of control plants. The GA and CCC treatments had no effect on rhizobial growth in liquid culture nor on root colonisation by rhizobia. The results suggest that the endogenous content of root GA may have a regulatory role in both the infection process and in subsequent nodule morphogenesis, thus controlling both the number and effectiveness of the root nodules formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182811
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