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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of winter chemical defense in Alaska paper birch and green alder to manipulation of plant carbon/nutrient balance (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 510-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Snowshoe hare ; Birch ; Alder ; Chemical defense ; Plant carbon/nutrient balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plant carbon/nutrient balance has been implicated as an important factor in plant defensive chemistry and palatability to herbivores. We tested this hypothesis by fertilizing juvenile growth form Alaska paper birch and green alder with N, P and N-plus-P in a balanced 2x2 factorial experiment. Additionally, we shaded unfertilized plants of both species. Fertilization with N and N-plus-P increased growth of Alaska paper birch, reduced the concentration of papyriferic acid in internodes and increased the palatability of birch twigs to snowshoe hares. Shading decreased birch growth, decreased the concentration of papyriferic acid in internodes and increased twig palatability. These results indicate that the defensive chemistry and palatability of winter-dormant juvenile Alaska paper birch are sensitive to soil fertility and shade. Conversely the defensive chemistry and palatability of green alder twigs to snowshoe hares were not significantly affected by soil fertility or shade. The greater sensitivity of Alaska paper birch defensive chemistry and palatability to snowshoe hares in comparison to green alder is in agreement with the hypothesis that early successional woody plants that are adapted to high resource availability are more plastic in their chemical responses to the physical environment than are species from less favorable environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378975
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon/nutrient balance as a predictor of plant defense in Alaskan balsam poplar: Potential importance of metabolite turnover (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 88 (1991), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis ; Plant defense ; Snowshoe hare ; Balsam poplar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis fails to correctly predict effects of fertilization and shading on concentrations of defensive metabolites in Alaskan balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). Of six metabolites analyzed, only one responded in the predicted fashion to fertilization and one to shading. These results and those of other similar studies suggest that while the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis may correctly predict the effects of fertilization and shading on the concentrations of metabolic “end products”, it fails for many metabolites because of the dynamics associated with their production and turnover. In metabolites that turn over, static concentration is a poor predictor of defensive investment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317585
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Winter chemical defense of Alaskan balsam poplar against snowshoe hares (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1941-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Balsam poplar ; Populus balsamifera ; snowshoe hare ; Lepus americanus ; plant chemical defense ; herbivore ; cineol ; benzyl alcohol ; bisabolol ; 6-hydroxycyclohexenone ; salicaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Palatabilities of parts and growth stages of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) to snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are related to concentrations of specific plant metabolites that act as antifeedants. Buds are defended from hares by cineol, benzyl alcohol, and (+)-α-bisabolol. Internodes are defended by 6-hydroxycylohexenone (6-HCH) and salicaldehyde. Although defense of interaodes depends upon both compounds, the defense of juvenile internodes is principally related to salicaldehyde concentration; the defense of internode current annual growth is principally related to 6-HCH concentration. The concentration of 6-HCH can be supplemented by the hydrolysis of phenol glycosides when plant tissue is disrupted, raising the possibility of a dynamic element of the chemical defense of poplar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020507
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